PMC

Regulation of pumping-mechanism, graph based on []; MC (red) and M3 (green) are pharyngeal motor neurons, pm4 are muscle cells in the metacorpus.

Linking between the analyzed physiological and neuronal behaviors. Identification beneath the neurophysiological parameters (3.x) refers to the subchapter, where this connection is discussed. Dotted lines: possible connection, solid line: proved connection, ▬►: reverse effect, ▬■: inverse effect, red: influence may appear under natural conditions, green: influence under laboratory conditions.

Regulation of the expulsion step of the defecation cycle, created on information from [] and []; IM: intestinal muscle, AS: anal sphinter, AD: anal depressor, DVB (green) and AVL (red): polymodale interneurons/motor neurons; It is unclear, whether AVL acts directly on the muscles or via DVB, therefore dotted lines are used to show the connections.

Regulation of chemical and thermal sensory, created on information from Biron et al. [], Kimata et al. [] and []. ASE, AFD and AWC: sensorial neurons, AIY, RIA and AIZ: interneurons, red: chemical sensory, green: thermal sensory, Glu: glutamate, ACh: acetylcholine, ?: unknown mechanism, ▬●: excitatory, ▬▌: inhibitory, ΔT_c: deviation from cultivating temperature T_c.

Overview of neurons and genes involved in movement and mechanotaxis, created on information from [], Riddle et al. [] and []; DB, DA, VB, VA: motor neurons, AVB, PVC, AVA, AVD: interneurons, ASH: sensory neuron, ▬●: chemical synapses, ▬■: electrical synapses, red: forward movement, green: backward movement.

Corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) of C. elegans strain LX929 after exposure to the different substances during different developmental stages. Bars represent means ± SEM (One Way ANOVA (Holm-Sidak-method)). Dark grey bars: Control, white bars: 0.1 µM TBBP-A, black bars: 50 µM TBBP-A, light grey bars: 50 µM DBAA, spotted bars: 0.1 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA, stripped bars: 50 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA. Significances are shown as p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.001 (**).

Neurophysiological behavior. The graphs show locomotive behavior (body bends (A) and relative movelength (B)); pumping frequency (C); defecation interval (D); mechanical sensory (E) and chemical index (F). 1: Control, 2: 0.1 µM TBBP-A, 3: 50 µM TBBP-A, 4: 50 µM DBAA, 5: 0.1 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA, 6: 50 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA. Significant changes to the control are given by * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.001). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (One Way ANOVA (Holm-Sidak-method)).

Relative gene transcription after exposure to the substances during different developmental stages. Statistical significances to the control are shown as * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.001). Bars represent means ± SEM (One Way ANOVA (Holm-Sidak-method)). Dark grey bars: L1-stage, light grey bars: L2/L3-stage, white bars: L4-stage, black bars: A1-stage, 1: 0.1 µM TBBP-A, 2: 50 µM TBBP-A, 3: 50 µM DBAA, 4: 0.1 µM TBBP-A and 50 µM DBAA, 5: 50 µM TBBP-A and 50 µM DBAA, (A) casy-1; (B) dat-1; (C) eat-4; (D) tph-1; (E) unc-17; (F) unc-47.

Corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) for the different GFP marked C. elegans strains after exposure to the different substances. 1: Control, 2: 0.1 µM TBBP-A, 3: 50 µM TBBP-A, 4: 50 µM DBAA, 5: 0.1 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA, 6: 50 µM TBBP-A + 50 µM DBAA, (A) strain BZ555; (B) strain DA1240; (C) strain EG1285; (D) strain GR1366; (E) strain LX929; (F) picture of strain EG1285 with labeled neurons as an example. Significances to the control are given by * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.001). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (One Way ANOVA (Holm-Sidak-method)).