PMC

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced histone H3 modification at the promoter of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The (A) acetylation of histone H3 (AcH3), (B) histone H3 methylated at lysine (Lys)9 and (C) histone H3 methylated at Lys27 was analyzed by chromatin immuno precipitation (ChIP). Note that LPS alone increased the acetylation at the IL-6 gene promoter, which was attenuated by pre-treatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). In addition, pre-treatment with NaHS increased the methylation of histone H3 at the promoter of IL-6 at Lys9, but not at Lys27. ^*p<0.05 vs. LPS; ^**p<0.05 vs. control (CTL) and LPS; ^#p<0.05 vs. all groups.

Modification of histone H3 by hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on histone H3 (A) acetylation, (B) methylation at lysine (Lys)9 and (C) methylation at Lys27 was analyzed in differentiated THP-1 cells followed by treatment with NaHS for 30 min. Cells were harvested at 4 h after the initiation of NaHS treatment for western blot analysis. Note the positive effect of NaHS on histone H3 modification. ^*p<0.05 vs. 0 μM.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced histone H3 modification at the promoter of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The (A) acetylation of histone H3 (AcH3), (B) histone H3 methylated at lysine (Lys)9 and (C) histone H3 methylated at Lys27 was analyzed by chromatin immuno precipitation (ChIP). Pre-treatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on its own or together with LPS challenge reduced the acetylation bound to the TNF-α gene promoter. NaHS increased the chromatin methylation at Lys9 but not at Lys27. LPS, on the one hand, increased the association of TNF-α with the methylation of histone H3 at Lys27 but not at Lys9. NaHS pre-treatment further increased the LPS-induced of methylation histone H3 at Lys27. ^*p<0.05 vs. LPS; ^**p<0.05 vs. all groups; ^#p<0.05 vs. control (CTL) and NaHS.

Effect of pre-treatment with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Differentiated THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with various concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), for 30 min, followed by a washout, and subsequently challenged with LPS (1 μg/ml). The levels of (A) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and (B) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant were analyzed at 1, 4, 8 and 24 h post-LPS challenge. NaHS exerted an inhibitory effect on cytokine production. ^*p<0.05 vs. 0, 0.01 and 0.1 mM; ^**p<0.05 vs. all groups; ^#p<0.05 vs. all groups.

Effect of treatment with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Differentiated THP-1 macrophages were treated with various concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) for 30 min, followed by LPS challenge (1 μg/ml). The levels of (A) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and (B) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant were analyzed at 1, 4, 8 and 24 h post-LPS challenge. NaHS exerted an inhibitory effect on cytokine production. ^*p<0.05 vs. 0, 0.01 and 0.1 mM; ^**p<0.05 vs. all groups; ^#p<0.05 vs. all groups.

Effect of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. (A) HDAC activity in THP-1 extracts treated with various concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) for 30 min. Trichostatin (TSA; C⁻) was used as a positive control. (B) HDAC activity was measured in the THP-1 cells pre-treated with NaHS for 30 min, followed by a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/ml) for 4 h. Note the lack of effect of NaHS alone (A), in contrast to the effect of NaHS pre-treatment (B), when applied prior to LPS challenge. (C) HAT activity was measured in THP-1 cells pretreated with NaHS for 30 min, followed by a challenge with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 4 h. ^*p<0.05 vs. C⁺, 0.01 and 0.1 mM; ^#p<0.05 vs. all groups; ^**p<0.05 vs. 0 mM.