PMC

Genotypes obtained from 84 isolates from the Acinetobacter baumannii pulsotype 27 outbreak in Birmingham, UK, 2011 to 2013, including 74 clinical isolates from 49 patients and 10 environmental isolates. Numbers in red represent SNVs; ‘p’ indicates loss of plasmid; isolates in italics are plasmid-negative; dotted lines indicate alternative phylogenetic links (plasmid loss then SNV acquisition versus SNV acquisition then plasmid loss).

Chronology of the Acinetobacter baumannii pulsotype 27 outbreak in Birmingham, UK, 2011 to 2013, showing ward occupancy and other events for 52 patients. (a) The first phase of the outbreak, up to week 70. (b) A detailed view of the second phase of the outbreak, after week 70. Vertical bars indicate samples positive for MDR-Aci. The coloured horizontal bars indicate ward occupancy by patients carrying MDR-Aci. Patients are ordered by the SNV genotype of their MDR-Aci isolates, with major genotypes delineated by rectangles. Ward 1 cares mainly for burns and trauma patients; Ward 2 cares mainly for cardiac surgery patients, Ward 3 cares mainly for trauma patients; Ward 4 for plastic, ear-nose-and-throat, maxillofacial, trauma patients. * The first of three isolates obtained from patient 30 was not genome-sequenced. ° Patient 32 visited Ward 1 for 12 hours.