Postoperative changes in SF-36 scores. White bars indicate baseline values and gray bars indicate 1-year follow-up values. SF-36 scores increase significantly compared with baseline values in all eight domains. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Abbreviations: BP, bodily pain; GH, general health perceptions; MH, mental health; PF, physical functioning; RE, role-emotional; RP, role-physical; SF, social functioning; SF-36, MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; VT, vitality.