PMC

Different types of tau deposits in the human cortex. Tau deposition was detected with the PHF-1 antibody. (A) Tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles. (B) Tau-positive threads. Panels were photographed with a 40× objective.

Different types of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the human cortex. The Aβ deposition was detected with the 6E10 antibody, which recognizes predominantly the 1-42Aβ form. (A, B) Diffuse-Aβ. (C, D) Dense-Aβ. All panels were photographed with 20 × objective.

Tau-positive neuropil threads (Tau-th) in cortical regions. Box plots showing the estimated quantities of Tau-th in each cortical region (CA1 of the hippocampus [CA1], anterior cingulate gyrus [ACG], posterior cingulate gyrus [PCG], primary visual cortex [PVC]) across all groups in the study (Controls, asymptomatic Alzheimer disease [ASYMAD], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], Alzheimer disease [AD]). Each box represents the area fraction value (percentage of the PHF-1–positive area fraction). Lines in the middle of a box represent the median; upper and lower horizontal lines represent SDs. Each spot represents a single measurement. Significance across groups (p < 0.01) when present is indicated by lines between groups.

Tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles (Tau-NFTs) in cortical regions. Box plots showing the estimated quantities of Tau-NFT in each cortical region (CA1 of the hippocampus [CA1], anterior cingulate gyrus [ACG], posterior cingulate gyrus [PCG], primary visual cortex [PVC]) across all groups in the study (Controls, asymptomatic Alzheimer disease [ASYMAD], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], Alzheimer disease [AD]). Each box represents area fraction values (percentage of the PHF-1–positive area fraction). The line in the middle of each box represents the median; upper and lower horizontal lines represent the SDs. Each spot represents a single measurement. Significance across groups (p < 0.01) when present is indicated by lines between groups.

Diffuse β-amyloid (dif-Aβ) in cortical regions. Box plots show the estimated quantities of dif-Aβ in each cortical region (CA1 of the hippocampus [CA1], anterior cingulate gyrus [ACG], posterior cingulate gyrus [PCG], primary visual cortex [PVC]) across all groups in the study (Controls, asymptomatic Alzheimer disease [ASYMAD], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], Alzheimer disease [AD]). Area fraction values (percentages of the 6E10-positive area fraction) are represented on the y axis. The line in the middle of each box represents the median; upper and lower horizontal lines represent SDs. Each spot represents a single measurement. The significance across groups (p < 0.01) when present is indicated by lines between groups.

Dense β-amyloid (Aβ) in cortical regions. Box plots showing the estimated quantities of Aβ in each cortical region (CA1 of the hippocampus [CA1], anterior cingulate gyrus [ACG], posterior cingulate gyrus [PCG], primary visual cortex [PVC]) across all groups in the study (Controls, asymptomatic Alzheimer disease [ASYMAD], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], Alzheimer disease [AD]). Area fraction values (percentage of the 6E10-positive area fraction) are indicated on the y axis. The line in the middle of each box represents the median; upper and lower horizontal lines represent SDs. Each spot represents a single measurement. Significance across groups (p < 0.01) when present is indicated by lines between groups.