PMC

GFAP immunoreactivity in the PVN and ARC after 8 wks on HFD or LFD. 10 × immunofluorescence images of the PVN and ARC of mice given HFD (A and C) or LFD (B and D) for 8 wks. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Quantification of the % Area of GFAP positive staining in the SFO, PeVN, PaPVN, MaPVN, ARC and DMH of mice given HFD (n = 10) or LFD (n = 8) for 8 wks. Bars = SEM. * = (p < 0.05).

Quantification of the (A) size and (B) number of Iba-1 positive cells in the SFO, ARC. PaPVN and MaPVN in mice given HFD (n = 10) or LFD (n = 8) for 8 wks. Bars = SEM. * = (p < 0.05).

Body mass and Adipose Mass of mice given HFD or LFD for 8 wks. (A) Body Mass and (B) epidydmal (eWAT), retroperitoneal (rpWAT), mesenteric (mWAT) or inguinal (iWAT) white adipose tissue weights after 8 wks of HFD (n = 15) or LFD (n = 18) consumption. Bars = SEM. * = (p < 0.05).

Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the SFO, PVN and ARC of mice after 8 wks on HFD or LFD. Projection images generated from 20× immunofluorescence z-stacks through the SFO [(A) HFD and (B) LFD; scale bars = 50 μm, paPVN and maPVN [(C) HFD or (D) LFD; scale bars = 50 μm], and ARC [(E) HFD and (F) LFD; scale bars = 50 μm] of mice maintained on HFD or LFD for 8 wks. Projections images generated from 63x z-stacks (scale bar = 10 μm) of active (G) and resting (H) microglia in the paPVN of mice maintained on HFD and LFD, respectively. 3v = third cerebral ventricle.

(A) Relative gene expression in the PVN of the PVN AT1a KO mouse (n = 8) and controls (n = 9) after 8 wks of HFD consumption. (B) Quantification of the % Area of GFAP-positive staining in the PaPVN and MaPVN of PVN AT1a KO mice (n = 5) and controls (n = 5) given HFD. Quantification of the (C) number and (D) and cell body size of Iba-1 positive cells in the PaPVN and MaPVN in PVN AT1a KO mice (n = 5) and controls (n = 5) given HFD. Bars = SEM. * = (p < 0.05).

Gene expression in the SFO (left), PVN (center) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH; right) of mice given HFD (n = 9) or LFD (n = 7) for 8 wks. AT1a = angiotensin type-1a receptor; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6 = interleukin 6; IL1β = interleukin 1β; CD11b = cluster of differentiation molecule 11B; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein. Bars = SEM.* = (p < 0.05).