PMC

Five species (kiwifruit, Arabidopsis, grape, tomato and rice) were used to generate the Venn diagram based on the gene family cluster analysis.

(a) Syntenic blocks between genomes of kiwifruit, tomato and grape. (b) Whole-genome duplications in kiwifruit as revealed by the distribution of 4DTv distance between syntenically orthologous genes.

‘Hongyang’ (A. chinensis) genome scaffolds (blue) were anchored to the linkage groups (yellow) of the A. chinensis × A. eriantha genetic map with 3,379 SNP markers.

(a) Phylogenetic tree of monohydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) genes from kiwifruit (green), Arabidopsis (blue), grape (purple), sweet orange (yellow) and tomato (red). Heatmaps representing expression levels of kiwifruit MDHAR genes in leaf, immature fruit, mature green fruit and ripe fruit (from left to right) are shown on the right of the tree. Log2-transformed gene expression values were used to generate heatmaps. (b) Microsynteny of genome regions surrounding kiwifruit MDHAR genes (Achn297231 and Achn389481), and their corresponding tomato (Solyc02g086710), potato (PGSC0003DMG400000486) and grape (GSVIVT01032453001) orthologues. MDHAR genes are shown in red. Genes with no syntenic homologue(s) are in white. Other syntenic genes are shown in different colours based on their presence/absence patterns in the genome regions.