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Fig. 1.The effects of 1, 5, and 9 d of red ginseng extract treatment on sleep-wake cycles. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM. **p<0.01 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
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Fig. 2.The effects of 1, 5 and 9 d of red ginseng extract treatment on rat sleep architecture. The data for 200 mg/kg doses are shown. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM. NREM, non-rapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement. *p<0.05 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
Fig. 3.The effects of 1, 5, and 9 d of red ginseng extract treatment on electroencephalograms (EEG) power density during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. EEG power densities in δ-wave, θ-wave and α-wave spectral bandwidths were evaluated. The values are expressed as the mean±SEM of EEG power densities in three selected frequency bands for NREM sleep. *p<0.05 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
Fig. 4.The effects of 1, 5, and 9 d of red ginseng extract treatment on electroencephalograms (EEG) power density during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. EEG power densities in δ-wave, θ-wave and α-wave spectral bandwidths were evaluated. The values are expressed as the mean±SEM of EEG power densities in three selected frequency bands for the REM sleep. *p<0.05 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
Fig. 6.The expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor alpha (A), beta (B), and gamma (C) subunits in the rat hypothalamus after 1, 5, and 9 d of red ginseng extract (RGE) treatment. GABAA receptor subunits in the hypothalamus of RGE-treated rats after 1, 5, and 9 d of treatment were analyzed by Westernblotting. The intensity of the immunoreactive bands of 3 to 4 independent experiments was measured by densitometry scanning and normalized using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) as a standard (bar graph). The results are presented as the percentage immunoreactivity detected in the hypothalamus with respect to the GADPH proteinloading control. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM. *p<0.05 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
Fig. 5.The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein in the rat hypothalamus after 1, 5, and 9 d of red ginseng extract (RGE) treatment. Hypothalamus membrane extracts from rats treated as controls or with RGE were analyzed by Western blotting. A representative image is shown in each case. The intensity of the immunoreactive bands of 3 to 4 independent experiments was measured by densitometry scanning and normalized using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) as a standard (bar graph). The results are presented as the percentage immunoreactivity detected in the hypothalamus with respect to the GADPH proteinloading control. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM. **p<0.01 compared with the control.. From: Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems.
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