Odds ratios (ORs) of concomitant diseases for ever-asthma (left) and wheezer subjects (right). Data are shown as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals derived from a fully adjusted logistic regression model including gender, age, income, cigarette smoking, and the other eight diseases. The OR of gender is for males compared to females. Ever-asthma was ascertained by the question, "Has a physician ever told you that you had asthma?" Wheezers were ascertained by the question, "Have you had wheezing or whistling in your chest at any time in the past 12 months?"Arthritis, stroke, GI ulcer, depression, and allergic rhinitis denote durative disease for 6 months or more after being diagnosed by a health professional. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia denote the subjects on medication or meeting the criteria of diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, and low density lipoprotein ≥130 mg/dL, respectively. Obesity denotes a body mass index of 27.5 kg/m2 or more. GI, gastrointestinal.