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1.
Figure 7

Figure 7. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Comparison of mean (SD) % correct choices during retention testing. One-way ANOVA P < 0.01, F(4, 45) = 5.90; Post hoc Tukey's test: *P < 0.05: NC > RS, NC > VC, NC > RS + JM1, RS + JM2 > RS, RS + JM2 > VC, RS + JM2 < RS + JM1

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
2.
Figure 8

Figure 8. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Comparison of mean (SD) RME during retention testing. One-way ANOVA P < 0.01, F(4, 45) = 4.37. Post hoc Tukey's test: *P < 0.05: NC > RS; **P < 0.01: NC < RS + JM1, RS + JM2 < RS, RS + JM2 < VC; ***P < 0.001: RS + JM2 < RS + JM1

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
3.
Figure 5

Figure 5. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Comparison of mean (SD) reference memory errors on Day 8. One-way ANOVA P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 9.61; Post hoc Tukey's test: **P < 0.01: RS > NC, RS > RS + JM2, VC > RS + JM2, VC >NC; ***P < 0.01: RS + JM1 > NC, RS + JM1 >RS + JM2

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
4.
Figure 3

Figure 3. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Comparison of mean (SD) percent correct choice on Day 8. One-way ANOVA P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 8.29; Post hoc Tukey's test: *P < 0.05, RS < NC; **P < 0.01: RS + JM1 < NC, RS + JM2 > RS, RS + JM2 > VC; ***P < 0.001: RS + JM2 > RS + JM1

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
5.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Serum corticosterone levels in the rats subjected to chronic RS for 21 days. Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (N = 6). Repeated measures ANOVA: F(3, 12) = 22.547, P < 0.001; pairwise comparisons (with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons): *P < 0.001, Day 3 > Day 0; #P < 0.01, Day 21 > Day 0; $P < 0.001, Day 21 < Day 3

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
6.
Figure 4

Figure 4. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Mean (SEM) reference memory errors during acquisition of partially baited radial arm maze. NC, normal control; RS, restraint stress; VC, vehicle control; RS + JM1, Stress + Jatamansi extract 100 mg; RS + JM2: Jatamansi extract 200 mg. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA: P < 0.001, F = (28, 315) = 3.10 for Group × Day interaction. Simple main effect of Groups on Day 7: P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 8.14. Simple main effect of Groups on Day 8: P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 9.61. Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparisons: **P < 0.01, RS < NC; ##P < 0.01, RS + JM2 > VC; ###P < 0.01, RS + JM2 > VC; $P < 0.05, RS + JM2 > RS; $$P < 0.01, RS + JM2 > RS; @P < 0.05 VC > NC; ∧∧P < 0.01 RS + JM1 < NC

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
7.
Figure 2

Figure 2. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Mean (SEM) percent correct choices during acquisition of partially baited radial arm maze. NC, normal control; RS, restraint stress; VC, vehicle control; RS+JM1, stress + Jatamansi extract 100 mg, RS+JM2: Stress + Jatamansi extract 200 mg. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA: P < 0.001, F = (28, 315) = 2.86 for Group × Day interaction; Simple main effect of Groups on Day 7: P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 9.18; simple main effect of Groups on Day 8: P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 8.29. Bonferroni adjusted pair wise comparisons: *P < 0.05, RS < NC; ##P < 0.01, RS + JM2 > VC; $$P < 0.01, RS + JM2 > RS; @@P < 0.01 VC > NC; ∧∧P < 0.01 RS + JM1 < NC

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.
8.
Figure 6

Figure 6. From: Nardostachys jatamansi extract prevents chronic restraint stress-induced learning and memory deficits in a radial arm maze task.

Mean (SEM) working memory errors during acquisition of partially baited radial arm maze. NC, normal control; RS, restraint stress; VC, vehicle control; RS + JM1, stress + Jatamansi extract 100 mg; RS+ JM2, stress + Jatamansi extract 200 mg. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA: P < 0.001, F= (28, 315) = 2.71 for Group × Day interaction. Simple main effect of Groups on Day 1: P < 0.001, F(4, 45) = 6.22; simple main effect of Groups on Day 6: P < 0.049, F(4, 45) = 2.60; simple main effect of Groups on Day 7: P < 0.045, F(4, 45) = 2.65. Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparisons: **P < 0.01 for NC compared to each of the other groups; #P < 0.05 for VC > NC

Gloria Karkada, et al. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2012 Jul-Dec;3(2):125-132.

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