PMC

Age- and ovarian hormone-dependent regulation of mRNA expression of estrogen receptors in the rat frontal cortex. We measured age- and hormone-dependent changes by TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR in mRNA expression of Esr1 (A) and Esr2 (B), encoding ERα and ERβ, respectively. Error bars show SD of six independent measurements. Asterisks indicate changes with statistical significance: *corresponds to 0.01<P < 0.05, ** to 0.001<P < 0.01 and *** to P < 0.001. Y, young rat; M, middle-aged female rat; M/OVX, middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rat; M/OVX+E2, middle-aged OVX rat with 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement.

Age- and hormone-related changes in mRNA expression of genes related to phagocytosis. Real-time PCR demonstrated age- and ovariectomy-related increase in the expression of Cd32 (A), Msr2 (C), C1qb (E), C3 (F), and decrease of Cd93 (B), Cd36 (D). Error bars show SD of six biological samples. Statistical significance of the alterations in different groups compared to middle-aged female rats (M) was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Asterisks indicate changes with statistical significance: *corresponds to 0.01<P < 0.05, ** to 0.001<P < 0.01 and *** to P < 0.001. Y, young rat; M/OVX, middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rat; M/OVX+E2, middle-aged OVX rat with 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement.

Age- and ovarian hormone-dependent regulation of genes encoding toll-like receptors and co-receptor Cd14 in the rat frontal cortex. TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR revealed changes in mRNA expression of Tlr4 (B) and Tlr9 (C). Tlr2 (A) and Cd14 (D) did not alter. Error bars show SD of six independent measurements. Statistical significance of the alterations in different groups compared to middle-aged female rats (M) was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Newman-Keuls post hoc test, and considered significant at P < 0.05. Asterisks indicate changes with statistical significance: * corresponds to 0.01<P < 0.05, ** to 0.001<P < 0.01 and *** to P < 0.001. Y, young rat; M/OVX, middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rat; M/OVX+E2, middle-aged OVX rat treated with 17β-estradiol (E2).

Age- and ovarian hormone-dependent regulation of genes encoding microglial receptors and their inhibitory neuronal ligands in the rat frontal cortex. TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR revealed no change in Sirpa (A), increase in the expression Cd47 (B), decrease in mRNA expression of Cd200r (C), Cd200 (D) and Cx3cl1 (F). Cx3cr1 (E) increased during aging. Error bars show SD of six independent measurements. Statistical significance of the alterations in different groups compared to middle-aged female rats (M) was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Newman-Keuls post hoc test, and considered at P <0.05. Asterisks indicate changes with statistical significance: *corresponds to 0.01<P < 0.05, ** to 0.001<P < 0.01 and *** to P < 0.001. Y, young rat; M/OVX, middle-aged OVX rat; M/OVX+E2, middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rat treated with 17β-estradiol (E2).

Age- and hormone-dependent alteration in the mRNA expression of widely used microglia marker genes in the frontal cortex of middle-aged female rats. Real-time PCR demonstrated age- and ovarian hormone-related increase in the transcription of Cd11b (A), Cd18 (B), Cd45 (D) and Cd86 (F). 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement attenuated these changes. Cd40 (C) and Cd74 (E) expression did not change after ovariectomy. Error bars show SD of six samples for each group. Statistical significance of the alterations in different groups compared to middle-aged female rats (M) was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Newman-Keuls post hoc test, and considered significant at P < 0.05. Asterisks indicate significant changes: *corresponds to 0.01<P <0.05, ** to 0.001<P <0.01 and *** to P < 0.001. Y, young rat; M/OVX, middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rat; M/OVX+E2, middle-aged OVX rat treated chronically with E2.