PMC

Summary of research questions for development of the NRRS

Example demonstrating that multiplying the same width (X) by height (Y) may not capture individual differences in vallecular area (a vs. b)

a Scatter plot shows that the most precise measurement of residue-to-pharyngeal space ratio is not predictive of the amount of residue in the valleculae sinuses as characterized by the normalized residue proportion (r² < 0.80). b Scatter plot shows that the most precise measurement of residue-to-pharyngeal space ratio is not predictive of the amount of residue in the piriform sinuses as characterized by the normalized residue proportion (r² < 0.80)

a The “freehand” tool is used to outline the residue in the valleculae. b The “freehand” tool or “selection brush” tool (shown here) is used to outline the vallecular space. c The “line” tool is used to measure the length of the anterior inferior corner of C2 to the anterior inferior corner of C4