PMC

Images of the largest (left) and second largest (right) observed gray matter cluster. Red, yellow, and blue regions correspond to unadjusted voxel‐wise p‐values of <10⁻⁵, <10⁻⁴, and <10⁻³, respectively.

Distribution of sizes of the maximal clusters of the permuted data sets for gray and white matter VBM. Vertical line denotes the size of the largest observed cluster. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

Distribution of baseline BMI and change in BMI. Vertical lines correspond to BMI category cutoffs, Obese: BMI ≥ 30; Overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30; Normal: BMI < 25. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

Boxplots of the change in ROI volume* across the 347 study participants. *Volume at the second MRI subtracted from volume at the first MRI, divided by the standard deviation of the change in volume across subjects. Mean (SD) of the unscaled ROIs (cm³) shown on right side of plot. GM = gray matter, WM = white matter. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

Residual plots from the longitudinal models. For the temporal GM ROI, left panel shows residuals from linear regression of the longitudinal change in volume y ₂–y ₁on the set of covariates excluding baseline BMI in model (2) plotted against residuals from linear regression of baseline BMI on the same set of covariates. For the hippocampus ROI, right panel shows residuals from regression of the longitudinal change y ₂–y ₁ on the set of covariates excluding change in BMI in model (3) plotted against residuals from regression of change in BMI on the same set of covariates. Solid lines correspond to a loess smooth and dashed lines corresponds to a linear trend. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]