PMC

(A) Intentionality and (B) Appropriateness for UCLA (left panel) and SUNY (right panel). The shading represents the groups as follows: VCFS+ASD=black; VCFS−ASD=dark grey; controls=light grey. Significance levels are marked as follows: *** p_FDR<0.001; ** p_FDR<0.01; * p_FDR<0.05.

Relationship between Age and ToM Appropriateness for UCLA. Note that there is a significant correlation between age and ToM appropriateness scores for the controls but NOT for the individuals with VCFS.

ADI-R and ADOS score profiles for VCFS patients at UCLA and SUNY. Blue represents UCLA and red represents SUNY. ADI-R Module A= Qualitative Abnormalities in Reciprocal Social Interaction; ADI-R Module B = Qualitative Abnormalities in Communication; ADI-R Module C = Restricted, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Patterns of Behavior. Dotted lines represent thresholds for autism criteria in each of the domains. For the ADI-R: Social Interaction = 10; Communication = 8; Stereotypes = 3. For the ADOS: ASD = 7; Autism = 9.

(A): Intentionality scores on ToM and Random conditions, for UCLA and SUNY. Black represents individuals with VCFS and light grey represents controls. Across groups, performance in the ToM condition was significantly better at SUNY in comparison to UCLA. At both sites, in comparison to individuals with VCFS, controls had significantly higher performance in the ToM condition, but did not differ on the Random Condition. Significance levels are indicated as follows: *** p_FDR<0.001; ** p_FDR<0.01; * p_FDR<0.05. Raw scores, rather than age adjusted scores, are presented for visualization purposes. (B) Appropriateness scores on ToM and Random conditions, for UCLA and SUNY. A similar pattern of results was observed for both the Appropriateness and Intentionality ratings (Figure 2A).