PMC

Image was acquired at 20× magnification.

The loading distribution (green line) and the observed measurements (red line) after 48-h for untreated and groups exposed to eleven concentrations of cadmium chloride are presented. The estimated lognormal distribution describing the extraneous noise measurements for each cohort (black line) and the predicted frequency distribution for the nematode measurements based on the growth model (blue line) are also presented.

Untreated L1 nematodes were incubated at 20°C and sampled at 0 h (black), 24 h (red), 48 h (green), and 72 h (blue). Upper panel, scatter-plot of optical density (log(EXT)) versus length (log(TOF)). Each point corresponds to an individual nematode. Lower panel, frequency distributions of log(EXT) versus numbers of nematodes. At 72 h, adult nematodes (high EXT, TOF) and their offspring (low EXT, TOF) were observed.