PMC

Life-span of wild-type C. elegans treated with different D-concentrations. Closed squares are controls (150 ppm); upwardly pointing triangles were treated with DDW 120 ppm; downwardly pointing triangles were treated with DDW 90 ppm. Data are expressed as mean of 3 different experiments.

Protein levels detected by Western blot assay in wild-type C. elegans. (A) DAF-16 levels; (B) SOD levels; (C) tAKT levels. Bars represent mean ± SEM. * indicate statistical difference from control (150 ppm) group (p < 0.05) and ** indicates difference from the Mn 35 mM group (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as mean of three different experiments ± SEM.

Effects of DDW vs. Mn on the life-span of daf-16 (mgDf50). Open circles represent control N2 worms (150 ppm); Squares represent daf-16 control group (150 ppm); upwardly pointing triangles represent worms exposed to Mn 35 mM; downwardly pointing triangles represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 120 ppm and diamonds represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 90 ppm. Data are expressed as mean of 3 independent experiments. Error bars were omitted for better visualization of the graphics. * indicates statistical difference from control (150 ppm) group at p < 0.05.

Life-span of wild-type C. elegans pre-exposed to Mn (35 mM) for 30 min and then treated with DDW for 48 h. Squares represent control group (150 ppm); upwardly pointing triangles represent worms exposed to Mn 35 mM; downwardly pointing triangles represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 120 ppm and diamonds represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 90 ppm. Data are expressed as mean of 3 independent experiments. Error bars were omitted for better visualization of the graphics. * indicates statistical difference from control 150 ppm group at p < 0.05.

Life-span of ced-3 and ced-3;ced-9 mutants followed Mn vs. DDW treatments. (A) Comparison between N2, ced-3 and ced-3;ced-9 with and without Mn treatment. Open circles represent N2 control (150 ppm) group; closed upwardly pointing triangles represents N2 exposed to Mn; closed downwardly pointing triangles represents ced-3 control (150 ppm) group; diamonds represents ced-3 exposed to Mn; open triangle represents ced-3;ced-9 control (150 ppm) group and open square represents ced-3;ced-9 Mn exposed group; (B) ced-3 life-span-open circle represents control group (150 ppm); upwardly pointing triangles represent worms exposed to Mn 35 mM; downwardly pointing triangles represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 120 ppm and diamonds represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 90 ppm; (C) ced-3; ced-9 life-span-open circle represents control group (150 ppm); upwardly pointing triangles represent worms exposed to Mn 35 mM; downwardly pointing triangles represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 120 ppm and diamonds represent Mn 35 mM + DDW 90 ppm. Data are expressed as mean of 3 independent experiments. Error bars were omitted for better visualization of the graphic. * indicates statistical difference from control (150 ppm) group (p < 0.05).