Widespread transduction throughout the brain after cisterna magna (CM) infusion of AAV9-hAADC. Representative images of transduced cortical neurons grouped in clusters through the prefrontal (a), temporal (b), parietal (c), and occipital cortex (d). Arrows indicate magnifications of regions of interest (a–d, and f and g). Most of them were located proximal to blood vessels, suggesting perivascular transport (e). Astrocytic transduction in the cortical white matter (f), cerebellum (double staining; AADC in brown and GFAP in blue) (g), and transduction of Purkinje neurons also in the cerebellum (h). Scale bars: (a, c, e, f, and h) 100 μm; (b and d) 200 μm; (g) 50 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/hum