HTS model. (a) Surface scar formation. n = 6. (b) Images of scars at 10 d after injury. Scale bars, top, 0.5 cm; bottom, 200 μm. (c) Polarized light and trichrome-stained images. n = 6. Scale bars, 200 μm; zoom scale bars, 50 μm. (d) Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of wound cytokines. n = 9. (e) Scar cytokine densitometry. Arrowheads point to the monomer and dimer forms of Tgf-β1. n = 3. (f) Immunolocalization of MCP-1, α-SMA+ cells and F4/80+ macrophages. Scale bars, left column, 20 μm; middle and right columns, 50 μm. n = 6. (g) F4/80+ and CCR2+ flow cytometry. Quadrant values represent the percentage of total scar cells. n = 4. Values are means ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, †P < 0.01, ‡P < 0.001. The dashed lines outline the scar.