PMC

Coronal slices from Y=−5 to Y=−42 showing areas with macrostructural volume loss only (gray matter-GM or white matter-WM, red); microstructural damage only (mean diffusivity-MD and fractional anisotropy-FA, blue); and the combination of macrostructural and microstructural changes (green).

A Diagrammatic Representation of the Image Processing Streams. The text provides a full description of the image processing stream with Roman Numerals detailing T1-weighted processing and letters detailing Diffusion Tensor Imaging processing. Abbreviations: T1w, T1-weighted; T2w, T2-weighted; DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging; S0, DTI with no diffusion weighting; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; DARTEL, Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra; FA, Fractional Anisotropy; MD, Mean Diffusivity; VBM5, Voxel-Based Morphometry Toolbox 5.

Coronal slices from Y=−5 to Y=−42 showing regions with gray matter (GM, ’warm’ colors) and white matter loss (WM, ‘cold’ colors) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients compared to controls. The image shows Biolgical Pattern Matching (BPM) analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) using fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) images as covariates and ANCOVAs without imaging covariates. Contrasts are shown at p<0.001 uncorrected in at least 50 edge connected voxels. Color bars denote t-values.

Coronal slices from Y=−5 to Y=−42 showing regions with higher mean diffusivity (MD) values (’warm’ colors) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values (‘cold’ colors) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients compared to controls. The image shows Biolgical Pattern Matching (BPM) analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) using gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) images as covariates and ANCOVAs without imaging covariates. Darkened green indicates areas with both FA and MD changes. Contrasts are shown at p<0.001 uncorrected in at least 50 edge connected voxels. Color bars denote t-values.