PMC

Glucagon (A), GLP-1 (B), and GIP (C) response to meal ingestion during hyperglycemic clamp with and without Ex-9 infusion (saline: solid line, Ex-9: dashed line) in the three study groups. Data are presented as means ± SEM.

Blood glucose levels and insulin response during oral-IV hyperglycemic clamp with Ex-9 (dashed line, open symbols) or saline infusion (solid line, closed symbols) in Asym-GB (left), Hypo-GB (middle), and nonsurgical control subjects (right). Blood glucose (A), insulin (B), and insulin secretion rates (C) are shown. Data are presented as means ± SEM.

Blood glucose (C), insulin (B), and insulin secretion rate (A) in response to liquid meal ingestion at screening visit of Asym-GB (n = 12, solid line, closed symbols) vs. Hypo-GB (n = 11, dashed line, open symbols). Data are shown for the number of subjects at any given time as means ± SEM (only 2 of 11 subjects from Hypo-GB group completed the study).