SH-SY5Y cells were infected with HSV1 (1 pfu/cell, 24 h) or were not infected (controls). Immunocytochemistry analysis was carried with the following Abs: anti-p-PKR, anti-p-eIF2-alpha and anti-BACE1 (A). Protein extracts of SH-SY5Y cells infected with HSV1 (3 pfu/cell, 24 h) and uninfected cells (controls) were analysed by Western blotting using the following Abs: anti-BACE1, anti-p-PKR, anti-PKR, anti-p-eIF2-alpha, anti- eIF2-alpha and anti-tubulin. Bands were quantified by densitometric analysis. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of 3–4 independent experiments. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.0005 by Student's t test (B). Sections from mouse dorsal ganglion root (DRG) were obtained from HSV1-infected mice. Contralateral uninfected ganglia were used as controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to detect p-PKR (C).