Producing anti-tumor T cells. Shown is the general schema for the construction of gene transfer reagents for the engineering of T cells with anti-tumor receptors. Step 1. Anti-tumor antigen receptor can be isolated as natural TCRs (left) or an antibody can be turned into a chimeric antigen receptor (right). Step 2. Both TCR and CARs are produced as fusion proteins to facilitate insertion into gene transfer vectors. Step 3. Gene transfer vector that afford the possibility for stable gene transfer include transposons, gamma-retroviral vectors, and lentiviral vectors. Abbreviations: VH and VL, immunoglobulin variable regions; 2A and G4S, linker peptides; Exo, extracellular domain; TM, transmembrane domain; IR/DR, inverted/direct repeat; pA, polyadenylation signal; LTR, long terminal repeat; SD, splice donor; SA, splice acceptor, ψ, packaging signal; sinLTR, self-inactivating LTR; RRE, rev responsive element; cPPT, central polypurine tract; WPRE, woodchuck hepatitis virus post-translation regulator element.