Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated from 8-10 wk old C57/Bl6 chow-fed mice and cells were transduced with control or ATGL shRNA adenovirus for 66 h, at which time pulse (1.5 h) and chase (6 h) experiments were performed with 500 μM [1-14C]oleate. (A) TAG, (B) PL, (C) CE and (D) DAG were isolated from cells by lipid extraction and separation by TLC to measure incorporation of radiolabeled oleate into different lipid species (n = 3-5). (E) Cells were transduced with Ad-GFP and Ad-ATGL virus for 24 h, at which time pulse (1.5 h) and chase (6 h) experiments were performed with 500 μM [1-14C]oleate (n = 3). (F) Cells were transduced with control and ATGL shRNA for 66 h, at which time cells were pulsed with 500 μM [1-14C]oleate for 8 h. TAG, PL & CE were isolated from harvested cells by TLC to measure incorporation of radiolabeled oleate into different lipid species (n = 3). (G) Primary hepatocytes were transduced with ATGL knockdown or overexpression adenovirus as described above and then exposed to 500 μM of oleate for 30 h, at which time cells were washed, fixed and stained with Oil Red O followed by imaging with light microscopy at 20× magnification (representative of 3 experiments). Data are presented as means ± SEM. CE, cholesteryl ester; DAG, diacylglycerol; PL, phospholipid. *P< 0.05 vs control shRNA group. #P<0.05 vs pulse period.