Mean (±SEM) changes in cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) after consumption of diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFA) that were high in monounsaturated fatty acids or low in fat compared with a control saturated fat–rich diet. A: Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC:HDL cholesterol ratio after consumption of diets low in SFA that were high in monounsaturated fatty acids (HM; n = 227; filled bars) or low in fat (LF; n = 236; hatched bars) compared with a control SFA-rich diet (n = 85; open bars). Values below the bars indicate statistical significance from the SFA diet, and values below horizon bars indicate statistical significance between HM and LF diets (ANCOVA). B: Plasma ApoB, ApoA1, and the ApoB:ApoA1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1) after consumption of HM (n = 227; filled bars) or LF (n = 236; hatched bars) diets compared with an SFA diet (n = 85; open bars). Values below the bars indicate statistical significance from the SFA diet, and values below horizon bars indicate statistical significance between HM and LF diets (ANCOVA).