PMC

Kaplan–Meier plot illustrating probability of remaining exacerbation-free over the 48-week treatment period (N = 1990) (P < 0.0001 for tiotropium 5 μg–placebo and tiotropium 10 μg–placebo for mean time [lower quartile] to first exacerbation).
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SMI, Soft Mist™ Inhaler.

The adjusted mean (SEM) trough (a) FEV₁ (L) response and (b) FVC (L) response during 48 weeks of treatment with tiotropium 5 μg, tiotropium 10 μg, or placebo (n = 1897) (P < 0.0001 for tiotropium 5 μg–placebo and tiotropium 10 μg– placebo for mean improvement in FEV₁and FVC).
Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; SMI, Soft Mist™ Inhaler.