A schematic of the types of structural rearrangements and associated synaptic changes (glutamatergic in green; GABAergic in red) observed by chronic in vivo two-photon imaging for cell types within L1 and L2/3 of the adult cortex during normal experience. This includes: a) L5 pyramidal apical dendritic spines (~5-10% per week) [-]. b) L2/3 pyramidal dendritic spines (~5-10% per week) [,,]. c) superficial L2/3 interneuron dendritic arbors (~3% per week, ~10μm per arbor) [,,]. d) L6 pyramidal axonal arbors (~20% per week, ~3μm per arbor) and terminaux boutons (~20% per week) []. e) L2/3 pyramidal axonal arbors (tens of microns over weeks, *retinal lesion) and en passant boutons (~7-12% per week) [-]. f) thalamocortical axonal arbors (~8% per week, ~2μm per arbor), en passant (~4% per week) and terminaux boutons (~7% per week) [].