Origin, course, and branches of the ophthalmic artery, including the posterior ciliary arteries, seen from above. Ant. sup. hyp. art., anterior superior hypophyseal artery; CAR, central retinal artery; Col. Br., collateral branches; CZ, circle of Zinn and Haller; ICA, internal carotid artery; LPCA, lateral posterior ciliary artery; MPCA, medial posterior ciliary artery; OA, ophthalmic artery; Rec. br., recurring branches. Figure reproduced with permission from Hayreh SS. ‘The central artery of the retina. Its role in the blood supply of the optic nerve.’ Br J Ophthalmol 1963; 47: 651–63 (later reproduced in Pillanut and colleagues).