PMC

Labelling of e8.5 and e9.5 wild type (A and C) and Tcof1^+/− (B and D) mouse embryos via in situ hybridization with a Sox10 riboprobe which is commonly used to mark migrating neural crest cells. Arrows highlight the decrease in the number of neural crest cells in TCS affected embryos. Alizarin red and alcian blue staining of bone and cartilage, respectively, in e18.5 wild type (E) and Tcof1^+/− (F) embryos demonstrating the cranioskeletal hypoplasia characteristic of Treacher Collins syndrome that manifests from the earlier neural crest cell deficit. f, frontal; md, mandibular; mx, maxillary; n, nasal; and t, temporal (unpublished photos from the Trainor lab).