PMC

The data shown were previously reported in . P<0.05 by ANOVA vs. the oil control.
Note: see for structures.

The data presented here were previously reported in . The values shown in this comparison represent the maximum response in each case.
Note: EMA-1 = glycine; EMA-2 = alanine; EMA-22 = 1,1-dimethylglycine; EMA-25 = 1-amino-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid.
*i = immunoreactive.

The data shown were previously reported in . All of the ratio values greater than 20 are significant at the 95% confidence level when compared to the DMSO-LPS control by ANOVA.
Note: see for structures.
*i denotes immunoreactive.

The data shown were previously reported in . The cells were treated with 1 and 10 uM elmiric acid whose identity is shown on the Y axis (designated as 1 or 10 on the Y axis). Luminometer units are directly proportional to the number of metabolically active cells and are a measure of ATP levels.

Cells were grown and maintained as described previously (). Following a 2 hr labeling period with ¹⁴C-arachidonic acid, the media (RPMI+0.1% BSA) were changed and the cells treated for 1 hr with EMA-1 (20:4) in 10 ul of DMSO. The control was 10 ul of DMSO and there were 4 replicates of each treatment concentration. Release was measured by liquid scintillation counting on a 0.1 ml aliquot of medium. Values shown are the means (∓) SD.
Note: The cells were treated with non-radioactive EMA-1 (20:4).

Induction of inflammation. A wide range of pro inflammatory agonists can activate various forms of phospholipase A₂ causing the release of free arachidonic acid from pools of phospholipids. Several routes of regulated biotransformation can then lead to elevated levels of various mediators of inflammation.
Resolution by elmiric acids. An elmiric acid, activating a receptor, promotes the mobilization of Ca⁺⁺ that in turn causes the release of free arachidonic acid. COX-2 action then results in the production of PGG₂ and PGH₂ that is converted by a terminal synthetase to PGD₂. In a non-enzymic process, PGD₂ is transformed into 15-deoxy-PGJ₂, a potent anti inflammatory mediator.