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1.
Figure 5

Figure 5. From: mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

Plot of principal component scores derived from osteological measurements for Branta species and subspecies (see Morphological Evolution for details).

Ellen E. Paxinos, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1399-1404.

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2.
Figure 3

Figure 3. From: mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

Left ulna and tibiotarsus. (a) B. canadensis maxima (USNM 555497); (b) giant Hawaii goose (BPBM 179440); (c) B. hylobadistes (BPBM PPBH7); (d) B. sandvicensis (USNM 557998).

Ellen E. Paxinos, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1399-1404.

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3.
Figure 2

Figure 2. From: mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

Skulls and mandibles in lateral view. (a) B. canadensis maxima (USNM 555497); (b) giant Hawaii goose (BPBM 179440); (c) B. hylobadistes (BPBM PPBH7); (d) B. sandvicensis (USNM 557998). The length of the giant Hawaii goose skull (b) is 127.6 mm.

Ellen E. Paxinos, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1399-1404.

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4.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

A map of the main Hawaiian Islands with skulls of two moa-nalos (a, Chelychelynechen quassus; b, Thambetochen chauliodous) and the three Hawaiian geese evaluated in this study [B. sandvicensis (nene), B. hylobadistes (nene-nui), and the undescribed giant Hawaii goose]. Fossils of the giant Hawaii goose have been found only on the island of Hawaii (, ). Moa-nalos were found only on the older islands from Maui to Kauai (). Arrows show that the nene, B. sandvicensis, and nene-like (B. hylobadistes and relatives) geese were widely distributed among the main islands.

Ellen E. Paxinos, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1399-1404.

CitationFull text

5.
Figure 4

Figure 4. From: mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis).

One of the two maximum parsimony (MP) phylograms found by using a heuristic search of 1,348 mitochondrial DNA sites in 20 taxa of true geese (Anserini). Group frequencies from a 1,000-replicate bootstrap (below branch) and Bremer decay indices (above branch) are indicated. Parenthetical numbers following taxon names indicate the number of individuals sequenced. Unweighted analysis tree statistics are: tree length = 529 steps, consistency index = 0.70, retention index = 0.85, and rescaled consistency index = 0.60. Support is strong in the MP analysis for a monophyletic Hawaiian clade arising from within the Canada goose and as sister taxon to the large-bodied subspecies (B. c. occidentalis and B. c. maxima). Maximum likelihood (ML) and minimum evolution (ME) analyses generally produced identical or nearly identical topologies (see Phylogenetic Inference).

Ellen E. Paxinos, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1399-1404.

CitationFull text

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