PMC

A Cord 5-methoxytryptophol distribution in neurotypical and ASD children. B Cord 5-methoxytryptophol distribution in neurotypical and ADHD children. C Cord tryptophan distribution in neurotypical and ASD children. D Cord tryptophan distribution in neurotypical and ADHD children. E Cord 5-hydroxytryptophol distribution in neurotypical and ASD children. F Cord 5-hydroxytryptophol distribution in neurotypical and ADHD children. G Cord N-acetyltryptophan distribution in neurotypical and ASD children. H Cord N-acetyltryptophan distribution in neurotypical and ADHD children. I Cord serotonin distribution in neurotypical and ASD children. J Cord serotonin distribution in neurotypical and ADHD children. ASD autism spectrum disorder, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

(A) Gray scale of uninjured spinal cord. (B) CDFI of uninjured spinal cord. (C) Contusive spinal cord instantly on gray-scale sonography. (D) Increasing size of contusive spinal cord on gray-scale sonography. (E) CDFI of injured spinal cord. Yellow arrows indicated dilated vessels. (F) CEUS showed the contusive lesion was non-perfusion. The white triangle indicated dura mater of spinal cord; The white caret indicated cerebral aqueduct. The white arrow indicated contusive lesion.

Flowchart of the study population. *Of the 43 cases in which the cord insertion site could not be specified during the first trimester, one case was confirmed to velamentous cord insertion, 38 cases were confirmed to marginal cord insertion at delivery, 4 cases were confirmed to furcate cord insertion, the site of the latter was central or eccentric insertions. Of the 37 marginal cord insertions during the first trimester in which the cord insertion site could not be specified during the second trimester, 3 cases were confirmed to velamentous cord insertion, 34 cases were confirmed to marginal cord insertion at delivery. **Compared to early pregnancy, 114 cases with changes in the category of umbilical cord insertion were not consistent with furcate cord insertion, all of which were marginal cord insertions during the first trimester migrating to normal cord insertion

Axonal regeneration by PNG + aFGF treatment. A, Representative confocal images of 5-HT immunostaining in the PNG + aFGF group showing several regenerated 5-HT fibers (red) growing into the caudal end of the spinal cord. The caudal spinal cord interface is demarcated by a white line. Scale bar, 200 μm. B, C, Higher-magnification images from A show identified 5-HT fibers (red, arrow) at different locations within the caudal end of the spinal cord. Scale bar, 40 μm. D, In the Tx-only group, 5-HT fibers (red) can be identified in the rostral cord (identified by GFAP, green) but not entering the lesion cavity. The rostral spinal cord interface is demarcated by a white line. Scale bar, 500 μm. * indicates the cavity formation in the rostral cord. E, Higher-magnification images from D show identified 5-HT fibers (red, arrow) at different locations within the rostral end of the spinal cord. Scale bar, 200 μm. F, Representative confocal images of TH immunostaining in the PNG + aFGF group showing several regenerated TH fibers (red) growing into the caudal end of the spinal cord. The caudal spinal cord interface is demarcated by a white line. Scale bar, 200 μm. G, H, Higher-magnification images from F show identified TH fibers (red, arrow) at different locations within the caudal end of the spinal cord. Scale bar, 40 μm. I, In the Tx-only group, TH fibers (red) can be identified at the rostral cord (identified by GFAP, green) but not entering the lesion cavity. The rostral spinal cord interface is demarcated by a white line. Scale bar, 500 μm. * indicates cavity formation in the rostral cord. J, Higher-magnification images from I show identified TH fibers (red, arrow) at different locations within the rostral end of the spinal cord. Scale bar, 200 μm.