Table 1

Key Table. Ongoing Clinical Trials for the (A) Treatment and (B) Prevention of COVID-19 (Current as of 20 March, 2020)a

Clinical trial ID (Registry)InterventionbSizecRandomisedBlindedStatusCountry of origin (pharma sponsor)
(A) Ongoing clinical trials for treatment of COVID-19
Antiviral
ChiCTR2000029609 (ICTPR)Arm A (mild–moderate): chloroquine
Arm B (mild–moderate): lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm C (mild–moderate): lopinavir/ritonavir + chloroquine
Arm D (severe): lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm E (severe): chloroquine
205NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029600 (ICTPR)Arm A: interferon alpha atomisation
Arm B lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha atomisation
Arm C: favipiravir and interferon alpha atomisation
90NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04261270 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: ASC09 and oseltamivir
Arm B: ritonavir and oseltamivir
Arm C: oseltamivir
60YesSingleRecruitingChina
NCT04261907 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: ASC09/ritonavir
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
160YesNoRecruitingChina (Ascletis Pharm)
ChiCTR2000030487 (ICTPR)Arm A: azvudine10NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030424 (ICTPR)Arm A: azvudine30NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030041 (ICTPR)Arm A: azvudine40NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029853 (ICTPR)Arm A: azvudine
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029544 (ICTPR)Arm A: baloxavir marboxil
Arm B: favipiravir
Arm C: standard treatment
30YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029548 (ICTPR)Arm A: baloxavir marboxil
Arm B: favipiravir
Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir
30YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030001 (ICTPR)Arm A: basic treatment + triazavirin
Arm B: basic treatment
240YesYesRecruitingChina
NCT04273763 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: bromhexine (mucolytic), umifenovir, interferon a2b, and favipiravir
Arm B: umifenovir and interferon a2b
60YesNoRecruitingChina (WanBangDe Pharm. Group)
ChiCTR2000030002 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment
Arm B: conventional treatment + tranilast
60YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030472 (ICTPR)Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir
Arm B: standard treatment
20UnspecifiedNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030259 (ICTPR)Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030000 (ICTPR)Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir
Arm B: Pegasys
Arm C: Novaferon
Arm D: Coriolus
Arm E: standard treatment
50UnspecifiedNoRecruitingChina
NCT04252274 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: darunavir and cobicistat
Arm B: standard treatment
30YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04304053 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat
Arm B: isolation
3040YesNoRecruitingSpain
ChiCTR2000029541 (ICTPR)Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat and thymosin
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and thymosin
Arm C: thymosin
100YesNoNot recruitingChina
NCT04291729 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: darunavir/ritonavir and atomised interferon
Arm B: peginterferon a2
Arm C: interferon alpha (Novaferon)
Arm D: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm E: atomised interferon + Chinese medicine (unspecified)
50NoNoRecruitingChina (Ascletis Pharmaceutical)
ChiCTR2000030535 (ICTPR)Arm A: ebastine and interferon alpha inhalation and lopinavir
Arm B: interferon alpha inhalation and lopinavir
100YesSingleRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030113 (ICTPR)Arm A: favipiravir
Arm B: ritonavir
20YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030254 (ICTPR)Arm A: favipiravir
Arm B: umifenovir
240YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030987 (ICTPR)Arm A: favipiravir and chloroquine
Arm B: favipiravir
Arm C: placebo
150YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04310228 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: favipiravir and tocilizumab
Arm B: favipiravir
Arm C: tocilizumab
150YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029895 (ICTPR)Arm A: GD31160NoUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
IRCT20100228003449N27 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon beta 1b
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir
30YesNoRecruitingIran
IRCT20100228003449N28 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon beta 1a
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir
30YesNoRecruitingIran
IRCT20100228003449N29 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir
50YesNoRecruitingIran
JPRN-jRCTs041190120 (ICTPR)Arm A: immediate favipiravir (Day 1–10)
Arm B: delayed favipiravir (Day 6–15)
86YesNoRecruitingJapan
2020-001023-14 (EU-CTR)Arm A: inhaled interferon alpha 1b
Arm B: placebo
400YesDoubleRecruitingUK (Synairgen Ltd)
ChiCTR2000029989 (ICTPR)Arm A: interferon a1b eye drops
Arm B: placebo eye drops
300YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
NCT04293887 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: interferon a1b nebulised
Arm B: standard treatment
328YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030922 (ICTPR)Arm A: interferon alpha 2a and ribavirin
Arm B: umifenovir and ribavirin
30YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029308 (ICTPR) [11]Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B standard treatment
160YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04307693 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine
Arm C: no intervention
150YesNoRecruitingSouth Korea
ChiCTR2000030187 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B: standard of care
60YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
2020-001113-21 (EU-CTR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B: dexamethasone
Arm C: interferon beta 1a
Arm D: placebo
2000YesNoRecruitingUK
2020-000936-23 (EU-CTR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B: interferon beta 1a
Arm C: remdesivir
3000YesNoRecruitingFrance
NCT04251871 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha inhalation and traditional Chinese medicine
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha inhalation
150YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029468 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and emtricitabine/tenofovir
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
120UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
JPRN-jRCTs031190227 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine50UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingJapan
ChiCTR2000030166 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha 2b and Qing-Wen Bai-Du-Yin granules
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha 2b
20YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030218 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and Xiyanping injection
Arm B: ritonavir
80UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04252885 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir + basic treatment (unspecified)
Arm B: umifenovir + basic treatment (unspecified)
Arm C: basic treatment (unspecified)
125YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04276688 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir + ribavirin + interferon beta 1b
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
70YesNoRecruitingHong Kong
ChiCTR2000029539 (ICTPR)Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm B: standard treatment
328YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029996 (ICTPR)Arm A: low-dose favipiravir
Arm B: medium-dose favipiravir
Arm C: high-dose favipiravir
60YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029638 (ICTPR)Arm A: nebulised rSIFN-co
Arm B: nebulised interferon alpha
100YesYesRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029496 (ICTPR)Arm A: Novaferon atomisation inhalation
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm C: Novaferon and lopinavir/ritonavir
90YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04303299 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: oseltamivir and chloroquine
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and favipiravir
Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir and oseltamivir
Arm D: lopinavir/ritonavir and oseltamivir
Arm E: favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm F: darunavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, and chloroquine
Arm G: standard treatment
80YesNoNot recruitingThailand
NCT04302766 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivirUnspecifiedUnspecifiedUnspecifiedAvailableUSA
NCT04292899 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: standard treatment
400YesNoRecruitingUSA and Asia (Gilead)
NCT04292730 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: standard treatment
600YesNoRecruitingUSA and Asia (Gilead)
NCT04280705 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: placebo
394YesDoubleRecruitingUSA and South Korea
2020-000841-15 (EU-CTR)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: standard treatment
400YesNoRecruitingWorldwide (Gilead)
2020-000842-32 (EU-CTR)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: standard treatment
600YesNoRecruitingWorldwide (Gilead)
NCT04252664 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: placebo
308YesQuadrupleRecruitingChina
NCT04257656 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: placebo
453YesQuadrupleRecruitingChina
NCT04315948 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: remdesivir
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta 1a
Arm D: hydroxychloroquine
Arm E: standard treatment
3100YesNoRecruitingFrance
ChiCTR2000029387 (ICTPR)Arm A: ribavirin and interferon alpha-1b
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon alpha-1b
Arm C: ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon alpha-1b
108UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
IRCT20200128046294N2 (ICTPR)Arm A: sofosbuvir/daclatasvir
Arm B: standard treatment
70YesSingleRecruitingIran
ChiCTR2000029400 (ICTPR)Arm A: traditional Chinese medicine
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm C: traditional Chinese medicine and lopinavir/ritonavir
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030262 (ICTPR)Arm A: type 1 interferon and TFF2 dose 1
Arm B: type 1 interferon and TFF2 dose 2
Arm C: standard treatment
30YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029573 (ICTPR)Arm A: umifenovir
Arm B: Novaferon and umifenovir
Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm D: umifenovir
Arm E: novaferon and lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm F: novaferon and umifenovir
480YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029621 (ICTPR)Arm A: umifenovir
Arm B: standard treatment
380YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04254874 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: umifenovir
Arm B: umifenovir and pegylated interferon alpha 2b
100YesSingleRecruitingChina
NCT04255017 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: umifenovir
Arm B: oseltamivir
Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir
400YesSingleRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029993 (ICTPR)Arm A: umifenovir and Liushen capsule
Arm B: standard treatment
40YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04275388 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: Xiyanping injection, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha nebulisation
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interfer
n alpha nebulisation
348YesNoNot recruitingChina (Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical)
Antimalarial
ChiCTR2000030031 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: placebo
120YesDoubleRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029988 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
80UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029975 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine10NoUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029939 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesSingleRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029935 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine100NoUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029837 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: placebo
120YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029826 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: placebo
45YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029542 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
20UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029741 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
112YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030718 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
80YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029992 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030417 (ICTPR)Arm A: chloroquine aerosol inhalation
Arm B water aerosol inhalation
30UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030082 (ICTPR)Arm A: dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine tablets combined with antiviral treatment (presumed alpha-interferon + umifenovir)
Arm B: alpha-interferon + umifenovir
40YesNoSuspendedChina
ChiCTR2000029898 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: chloroquine
100YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04261517 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard of care
30YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030054 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029868 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
200YesUnspecified.RecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029740 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
78YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029559 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine
Arm C: placebo
300UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
2020-000890-25 (EU-CTR) [17]Arm A: hydroxychloroquine25NoNoRecruitingFrance
ChiCTR2000029899 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: chloroquine
100YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04315896 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: placebo
500YesQuadrupleNot recruitingMexico
NCT04316377 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: standard treatment
202YesNoNot recruitingNorway
Immunosuppressants
NCT04263402 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: methylprednisolone (<40 mg/day)
Arm B: methylprednisolone (40–80 mg/day)
100YesSingleRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030089 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment + adalimumab
Arm B: conventional treatment
60YesNoNot yet recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030481 (ICTPR)Arm A: early corticosteroid intervention
Arm B: middle–late corticosteroid intervention
Arm C: standard care
200YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04288713 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: eculizumabUnspecifiedUnspecifiedUnspecifiedAvailableUSA
NCT04280588 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: fingolimod
Arm B: standard treatment
30NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030703 (ICTPR)Arm A: ixekizumab and antiviral therapy
Arm B: antiviral therapy
40YesSingleRecruitingChina
NCT04275245 (ClinicalTrials.gov) [20]Arm A: meplazumab20NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04273321 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: methylprednisolone
Arm B: standard treatment
400YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04244591 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: methylprednisolone
Arm B: standard treatment
80YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029656 (ICTPR)Arm A: methylprednisolone
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029386 (ICTPR)Arm A: methylprednisolone
Arm B: standard treatment
48YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04315298 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: sarilumab high dose
Arm B: sarilumab low dose
Arm C: placebo
400YesQuadrupleRecruitingUSA (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals)
ChiCTR2000030058 (ICTPR)Arm A: standard treatment + leflunomide
Arm B: standard treatment + placebo
200YesYesNot yet recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030196 (ICTPR)Arm A: tocilizumab60NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029765 (ICTPR)Arm A: tocilizumab
Arm B: standard treatment
188YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04315480 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: tocilizumab30NoNoNot recruitingFrance
NCT04317092 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: tocilizumab330NoNoRecruitingItaly
ChiCTR2000030442 (ICTPR)Arm A: tocilizumab, IVIG, and CCRT100NoUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030580 (ICTPR)Arm A: tozumabd and adalimumab
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
Immune modulators
NCT04317040 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: CD24Fc
Arm B: placebo
230YesQuadrupleNot recruitingUSA (OncoImmune)
ChiCTR2000029776 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment + polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
Arm B: conventional treatment
40YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04299724 (ICTPR)Arm A: Covid-19/aAPC vaccine100NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030939 (ICTPR)Arm A: CSA000110YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030016 (ICTPR)Arm A: inhaled inactive Mycobacterium vaccine
Arm B: inhaled physiological saline
60YesYesRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030167 (ICTPR)Arm A: interleukin-2
Arm B: standard treatment
80YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
NCT04261426 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: IVIG
Arm B: standard treatment
80YesNoNot recruitingChina
NCT04276896 (ICTPR)Arm A: LV-SMENP-DC vaccine and antigen specific cytotoxic T cells100NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04268537 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: PD-1-blocking Ab
Arm B: thymosin
Arm C: standard treatment
120YesSingleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030028 (ICTPR)Arm A: PD-1 mAb + standard treatment
Arm B: standard treatment
40YesNoNot yet recruitingChina
NCT04312997 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: PUL-042 nebuliser
Arm B: sterile saline inhaler
100YesQuadrupleNot recruitingUSA (Pulmotect)
ChiCTR2000030750 (ICTPR)Arm A: recombinant chimeric DC vaccine
Arm B: normal saline
120YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030007 (ICTPR)Arm A: standard treatment + rhG-CSF
Arm B: standard treatment
200YesNoNot yet recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029636 (ICTPR)Arm A: standard treatment and vMIP atomised inhalation40NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029806 (ICTPR)Arm A: subcutaneous thymosin
Arm B: camrelizumab infusion
Arm C: conventional treatment
120YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030779 (ICTPR)Arm A: ulinastatin (trypsin inhibitor)
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesNoRecruitingChina
Cytokine removal
ChiCTR2000030475 (ICTPR)Arm A: CytoSorb cytokine removal19NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030477 (ICTPR)Arm A: oXiris membrane19NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030265 (ICTPR)Arm A: oXiris membrane
Arm B: standard treatment
30UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030835 (ICTPR)Arm A: high-dose MSCs
Arm B: low-dose MSCs
20NoUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029817 (ICTPR)Arm A: high-dose NK cells and MSCs
Arm B: conventional-dose NK cells and MSCs
Arm C: preventive-dose NK cells and MSCs
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina (Guangchou Reborn Health Management Co)
ChiCTR2000029606 (ICTPR)Arm A: menstrual blood-derived stem cells
Arm B: artificial liver therapy
Arm C: artificial liver therapy and menstrual blood-derived stem cells
Arm D: standard treatment
73UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04315987 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: MSCs24NoNoNot recruitingBrazil (Cellavita Pesquisa Cientifica Ltd)
NCT04276987 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: MSC-derived exosomes30NoNoNot recruitingChina (Cellular Biomedicine Group)
NCT04288102 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: MSCs
Arm B: placebo
60YesQuadrupleRecruitingChina
NCT04252118 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: MSCs
Arm B: standard treatment
20NoNoRecruitingChina (IPM, Vcanbio Cell and Gene Engineering)
ChiCTR2000030300 (ICTPR)Arm A: MSCs9NoUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030224 (ICTPR)Arm A: MSCs
Arm B: normal saline
32UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030173 (ICTPR)Arm A: MSCs
Arm B: standard treatment
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina (Hunan yuanpin Cell Biotech)
ChiCTR2000030020 (ICTPR)Arm A: MSCs20NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029990 (ICTPR) [22]Arm A: MSCs
Arm B: saline
120YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030261 (ICTPR)Arm A: MSC-derived exosomes
Arm B: standard treatment
26UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
NCT04280224 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: NK cells
Arm B: standard treatment
30YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030509 (ICTPR)Arm A: NK cells
Arm B: electrolyte injection
40UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030944 (ICTPR)Arm A: NK cells and MSC
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesNoNot recruitingChina
NCT04302519 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: pulp MSCs24NoNoNot recruitingChina (CAR-T Biotechnology Co, Ltd)
ChiCTR2000029580 (ICTPR)Arm A: ruxolitinib and MSCs
Arm B: standard treatment
70YesSingleRecruitingChina
NCT04299152 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: stem cell educator therapy
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesSingleNot recruitingUSA (Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc)
ChiCTR2000030329 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord blood CIK cells
Arm B umbilical cord NK cells
Arm C: standard treatment
90UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029812 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell preparations
Arm B: standard treatment
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management Consultation Co)
ChiCTR2000029572 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells
Arm B: standard treatment
30YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029818 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord blood plasma preparations
Arm B: standard treatment
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management Consultation Co)
NCT04293692 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs
Arm B: placebo
48YesTripleWithdrawnChina (Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology)
NCT04273646 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs
Arm B: placebo
48YesNoNot recruitingChina (Wuhan Biotechnology)
NCT04269525 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs10NoNoRecruitingChina (Tuohua Biological Technology Co)
ChiCTR2000030138 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs
Arm B: placebo
60YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030484 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs
Arm B: umbilical cord MSCs and derived exosomes
Arm C: placebo
120UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030116 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs dose A
Arm B umbilical cord MSCs dose B
16YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029816 (ICTPR)Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesNoNot recruitingChina (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management)
NCT04313322 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: Wharton jelly MSCs5NoNoRecruitingJordan (Stem Cells Arabia)
ChiCTR2000030088 (ICTPR)Arm A: Wharton jelly MSCs
Arm B: saline
20YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
Plasma-based therapy
ChiCTR2000030702 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy
Arm B: standard treatment
50YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030046 (ICTPR)Arm A: anti-2019-nCoV virus inactivated plasma10NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030381 (ICTPR)Arm A: anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma
Arm B: ordinary plasma
40YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030010 (ICTPR)Arm A: anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus inactivated plasma
Arm B: ordinary plasma
100YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030841 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent immunoglobulin
Arm B: gamma-globulin
10NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04264858 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: convalescent immunoglobulin
Arm B: gamma globulin
10NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030039 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma
Arm B: standard treatment
90NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029850 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma
Arm B: standard treatment
20NoUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030627 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy
Arm B: standard treatment
30YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029757 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy
Arm B: standard treatment
200YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030929 (ICTPR)Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy
Arm B: control plasma
60YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030179 (ICTPR)Arm A: plasma treatment
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
Inhaled gas
ChiCTR2000030258 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydrogen inhalatione
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029739 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydrogen–oxygen nebuliser
Arm B: oxygen
440YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04290871 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide
Arm B: no intervention
104YesYesNot yet recruitingChina
NCT04306393 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide
Arm B: no intervention
200YesYesNot yet recruitingUSA
NCT04305457 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide
Arm B: no intervention
240YesNoNot yet recruitingUSA
NCT04290858 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide
Arm B: no intervention
240YesNoNot yet recruitingChina
Antifibrotic
NCT04282902 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: pirfenidone
Arm B: standard treatment
294YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030892 (ICTPR)Arm A: pirfenidone
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030333 (ICTPR)Arm A: pirfenidone
Arm B: standard treatment
292YesNoRecruitingChina
Antiangiogenic
NCT04275414 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: bevacizumab20NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04305106 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: bevacizumab
Arm B: standard treatment
118YesTripleRecruitingChina
NCT04273581 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: thalidomide
Arm B: placebo
40YesQuadrupleNot recruitingChina
NCT04273529 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: thalidomide
Arm B: placebo
100YesQuadrupleNot recruitingChina
Antimicrobial
ChiCTR2000030539 (ICTPR)Arm A: 3% hydrogen peroxide gargle
Arm B: standard treatment
40UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029867 (ICTPR)Arm A: carrimycin
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir
520YesNoRecruitingChina
NCT04286503 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: carrimycin + basic treatment (unspecified)
Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir or umifenovir or chloroquine phosphate + basic treatment (unspecified)
520YesNoRecruitingChina (Shenyang Tonglian Group)
ChiCTR2000030029 (ICTPR)Arm A: suramin20NoNoNot yet recruitingChina
Antioxidants
ChiCTR2000029851 (ICTPR)Arm A: alpha lipoic acid
Arm B: placebo
68YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030471 (ICTPR)Arm A: lipoic acid injection
Arm B: standard treatment
384YesSingleRecruitingChina
Microbiome
ChiCTR2000030897 (ICTPR)Arm A: Newgen beta-gluten probiotic
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029999 (ICTPR)Arm A: probiotics
Arm B: probiotics
60NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029974 (ICTPR)Arm A: probiotics
Arm B: standard treatment
300YesNoRecruitingChina (Qingdao East Sea Pham.)
ChiCTR2000029849 (ICTPR)Arm A: Unspecified intestinal flora intervention
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04251767 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: washed microbiota transplant
Arm B: placebo
40YesQuadrupleEnrolling by invitationChina
Organ support
ChiCTR2000030503 (ICTPR)Arm A: artificial liver system
Arm B: standard treatment
60NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030540 (ICTPR)Arm A: CRRT
Arm B: CRRT only for emergency indication
152UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030761 (ICTPR)Arm A: CRRT20NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030744 (ICTPR)Arm A: ECMO
Arm B: standard treatment
30NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030855 (ICTPR)Arm A: external diaphragmatic pacing200NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030773 (ICTPR)Arm A: Unspecified blood purification20NoNoRecruitingChina
Therapy interventions
ChiCTR2000030260 (ICTPR)Arm A: enteral nutrition emulsion
Arm B: standard treatment
20YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030198 (ICTPR)Arm A: health education and pulmonary rehabilitation
Arm B: health education
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030418 (ICTPR)Arm A: lung rehabilitation
Arm B: usual activity
80UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030578 (ICTPR)Arm A: lung rehabilitation training
Arm B: standard treatment
40UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
NCT04283825 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: psychological and physical rehabilitation
Arm B: standard treatment
100NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030084 (ICTPR)Arm A: psychological intervention
Arm B: standard treatment
180UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030467 (ICTPR)Arm A: psychological intervention and traditional Chinese medicine
Arm B: psychological intervention, traditional Chinese medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine psychological intervention
60UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029459 (ICTPR)Arm A: pulmonary rehabilitation
Arm B: standard treatment
50UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030433 (ICTPR)Arm A: rehabilitation and lung eight-segment exercisef80NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029460 (ICTPR)Arm A: shadowboxing rehabilitation
Arm B: standard treatment
100YesNoNot recruitingChina
Ozonated autohemotherapy
ChiCTR2000030165 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment
Arm B (mild): conventional treatment + ozonated autohemotherapy
Arm C (severe): conventional treatment + ozonated autohemotherapy
60NoNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030102 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment
Arm B: conventional treatment + ozone therapy
Arm C (severe): conventional treatment + ozone therapy
Arm D (severe): conventional treatment
Arm E (critical): conventional treatment + ozone therapy
Arm F (critical): conventional treatment
180YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030006 (ICTPR)Arm A: ozonated autohemotherapy
Arm B: standard medical treatment
60YesNoRecruitingChina
Other
ChiCTR2000029742 (ICTPR)Arm A: (general): normal treatment
Arm B (general): normal treatment + sodium aescinate
Arm C (severe): normal treatment + hormonotherapy (presumed glucocorticoids)
Arm D (severe): lopinavir/ritonavir
Arm E (severe): normal treatment + sodium aescinate
90YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030328 (ICTPR)Arm A: acetylcysteine inhalation (mucolytic effect) via tracheal tube
Arm B: saline inhalation via tracheal tube
60YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030398 (ICTPR)Arm A: bismuth
Arm B: placebo
340YesDoubleNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030055 (ICTPR)Arm A: conventional treatment
Arm B: conventional treatment + dipyridamole
460YesNoRecruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030853 (ICTPR)Arm A: dexmedetomidine200NoNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030700 (ICTPR)Arm A: enoxaparin sodium
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesNoNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000030135 (ICTPR)Arm A: high-dose vitamin C
Arm B: standard treatment
39YesUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
NCT04311697 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: intravenous aviptadil followed by nebulised in 48 h if required
Arm B: aviptadil nebuliser followed by intravenous in 48 h if required
20YesSingleNot recruitingUSA and Israel (NeuroRx)
ChiCTR2000030170 (ICTPR)Arm A: jakotinibg8UnspecifiedUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04312009 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: losartan
Arm B: placebo
200YesQuadrupleNot recruitingUSA
NCT04311177 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: losartan
Arm B: placebo
478YesQuadrupleNot recruitingUSA
ChiCTR2000030946 (ICTPR)Arm A: low-molecular-weight heparin
Arm B: mechanical prevention
120YesUnspecifiedRecruitingChina
NCT04304313 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: sildenafil10NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04308317 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: tetrandrine
Arm B: standard treatment
60YesNoEnrolling by invitationChina
NCT04264533 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: vitamin C
Arm B: sterile water for injection
140YesTripleRecruitingChina
(B) Ongoing clinical trials for prevention of COVID-19
Vaccine
NCT04299724 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: Covid-19/aAPC vaccine100NoNoRecruitingChina
NCT04313127 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: low-dose Ad5-nCoV
Arm B: middle-dose Ad5-nCoV
Arm C: high-dose Ad5-nCoV
108NoNoNot recruitingChina (CanSino Biologics)
NCT04283461 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: mRNA-1273 (25 μg)
Arm B: mRNA-1273 (100 μg)
Arm C: mRNA-1273 (250 μg)
45NoNoRecruitingUSA (ModernaTX)
Antiviral
NCT04304053 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat
Arm B: isolation
3040YesNoRecruitingSpain
ChiCTR2000030013 (ICTPR)Arm A: interferon a1b
Arm B: no intervention
450UnspecifiedUnspecifiedNot recruitingChina
ChiCTR2000029592 (ICTPR)Arm A: umifenovir
Arm B: without umifenovir
1000UnspecifiedNoNot recruitingChina
Antimalarial
NCT04303507 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: chloroquine
Arm B: placebo
10000YesDoubleNot recruitingUK
NCT04308668 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine
Arm B: placebo
1500YesQuadrupleRecruitingUSA
ChiCTR2000029803 (ICTPR)Arm A: hydroxychloroquine (low dose)
Arm B: hydroxychloroquine – high dose
Arm C: umifenovir – low dose
Arm D: umifenovir – high dose
320YesNoNot recruitingChina
Personal protective equipment
ChiCTR2000030317 (ICTPR)Arm A: gastroscope mask
Arm B: without mask
300YesNoNot recruitingChina
NCT04296643 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: medical masks
Arm B: N95 respirators
676YesSingleNot recruitingUSA
Other
NCT04312243 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: nitric oxide
Arm B: no treatment
460NoNoNot recruitingUSA
NCT04313023 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Arm A: PUL-042
Arm B: normal saline
200YesQuadrupleNot yet recruitingUSA (Pulmotect)
ChiCTR2000030432 (ICTPR)Arm A: rehabilitation and lung eight-segment exercises
Arm B: normal activity
80YesNoNot recruitingChina
aAbbreviations: Ad5, adenovirus type 5; APC, antigen-presenting cells; CIK cells, cytokine-induced killer cells; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; DC, dendritic cell; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; NK cells, natural killer cells; rhG-CSF, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; rSFIN-co, recombinant supercompound interferon; TFF2, Trefoil factor 2; vMIP, viral macrophage inflammatory protein.
bFor part (B), this column indicates the intervention to prevent infection.
cParticipant size as stated in registry entry.
dNo literature outside trial protocol; likely tocilizumab.
eHydrogen inhalation has shown evidence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in ischaemia–reperfusion injury.
fNo literature outside trial protocol; likely a form of lung rehabilitation.
gNo literature outside trial protocol; possible Janus kinase inhibitor.