Table 1
Key Table. Ongoing Clinical Trials for the (A) Treatment and (B) Prevention of COVID-19 (Current as of 20 March, 2020)a
| Clinical trial ID (Registry) | Interventionb | Sizec | Randomised | Blinded | Status | Country of origin (pharma sponsor) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Ongoing clinical trials for treatment of COVID-19 | ||||||
| Antiviral | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000029609 (ICTPR) | Arm A (mild–moderate): chloroquine Arm B (mild–moderate): lopinavir/ritonavir Arm C (mild–moderate): lopinavir/ritonavir + chloroquine Arm D (severe): lopinavir/ritonavir Arm E (severe): chloroquine | 205 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029600 (ICTPR) | Arm A: interferon alpha atomisation Arm B lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha atomisation Arm C: favipiravir and interferon alpha atomisation | 90 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04261270 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: ASC09 and oseltamivir Arm B: ritonavir and oseltamivir Arm C: oseltamivir | 60 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04261907 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: ASC09/ritonavir Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir | 160 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China (Ascletis Pharm) |
| ChiCTR2000030487 (ICTPR) | Arm A: azvudine | 10 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030424 (ICTPR) | Arm A: azvudine | 30 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030041 (ICTPR) | Arm A: azvudine | 40 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029853 (ICTPR) | Arm A: azvudine Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029544 (ICTPR) | Arm A: baloxavir marboxil Arm B: favipiravir Arm C: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029548 (ICTPR) | Arm A: baloxavir marboxil Arm B: favipiravir Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir | 30 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030001 (ICTPR) | Arm A: basic treatment + triazavirin Arm B: basic treatment | 240 | Yes | Yes | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04273763 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: bromhexine (mucolytic), umifenovir, interferon a2b, and favipiravir Arm B: umifenovir and interferon a2b | 60 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China (WanBangDe Pharm. Group) |
| ChiCTR2000030002 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment Arm B: conventional treatment + tranilast | 60 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030472 (ICTPR) | Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Unspecified | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030259 (ICTPR) | Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030000 (ICTPR) | Arm A: danoprevir/ritonavir Arm B: Pegasys Arm C: Novaferon Arm D: Coriolus Arm E: standard treatment | 50 | Unspecified | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04252274 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: darunavir and cobicistat Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04304053 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat Arm B: isolation | 3040 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Spain |
| ChiCTR2000029541 (ICTPR) | Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat and thymosin Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and thymosin Arm C: thymosin | 100 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04291729 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: darunavir/ritonavir and atomised interferon Arm B: peginterferon a2 Arm C: interferon alpha (Novaferon) Arm D: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm E: atomised interferon + Chinese medicine (unspecified) | 50 | No | No | Recruiting | China (Ascletis Pharmaceutical) |
| ChiCTR2000030535 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ebastine and interferon alpha inhalation and lopinavir Arm B: interferon alpha inhalation and lopinavir | 100 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030113 (ICTPR) | Arm A: favipiravir Arm B: ritonavir | 20 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030254 (ICTPR) | Arm A: favipiravir Arm B: umifenovir | 240 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030987 (ICTPR) | Arm A: favipiravir and chloroquine Arm B: favipiravir Arm C: placebo | 150 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04310228 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: favipiravir and tocilizumab Arm B: favipiravir Arm C: tocilizumab | 150 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029895 (ICTPR) | Arm A: GD31 | 160 | No | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| IRCT20100228003449N27 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon beta 1b Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | 30 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Iran |
| IRCT20100228003449N28 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon beta 1a Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | 30 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Iran |
| IRCT20100228003449N29 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir Arm B: hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | 50 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Iran |
| JPRN-jRCTs041190120 (ICTPR) | Arm A: immediate favipiravir (Day 1–10) Arm B: delayed favipiravir (Day 6–15) | 86 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Japan |
| 2020-001023-14 (EU-CTR) | Arm A: inhaled interferon alpha 1b Arm B: placebo | 400 | Yes | Double | Recruiting | UK (Synairgen Ltd) |
| ChiCTR2000029989 (ICTPR) | Arm A: interferon a1b eye drops Arm B: placebo eye drops | 300 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04293887 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: interferon a1b nebulised Arm B: standard treatment | 328 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030922 (ICTPR) | Arm A: interferon alpha 2a and ribavirin Arm B: umifenovir and ribavirin | 30 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029308 (ICTPR) [11] | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B standard treatment | 160 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04307693 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B: hydroxychloroquine Arm C: no intervention | 150 | Yes | No | Recruiting | South Korea |
| ChiCTR2000030187 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B: standard of care | 60 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| 2020-001113-21 (EU-CTR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B: dexamethasone Arm C: interferon beta 1a Arm D: placebo | 2000 | Yes | No | Recruiting | UK |
| 2020-000936-23 (EU-CTR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B: interferon beta 1a Arm C: remdesivir | 3000 | Yes | No | Recruiting | France |
| NCT04251871 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha inhalation and traditional Chinese medicine Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha inhalation | 150 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029468 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and emtricitabine/tenofovir Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir | 120 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| JPRN-jRCTs031190227 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine | 50 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | Japan |
| ChiCTR2000030166 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha 2b and Qing-Wen Bai-Du-Yin granules Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha 2b | 20 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030218 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir and Xiyanping injection Arm B: ritonavir | 80 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04252885 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir + basic treatment (unspecified) Arm B: umifenovir + basic treatment (unspecified) Arm C: basic treatment (unspecified) | 125 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04276688 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir + ribavirin + interferon beta 1b Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir | 70 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Hong Kong |
| ChiCTR2000029539 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm B: standard treatment | 328 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029996 (ICTPR) | Arm A: low-dose favipiravir Arm B: medium-dose favipiravir Arm C: high-dose favipiravir | 60 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029638 (ICTPR) | Arm A: nebulised rSIFN-co Arm B: nebulised interferon alpha | 100 | Yes | Yes | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029496 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Novaferon atomisation inhalation Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm C: Novaferon and lopinavir/ritonavir | 90 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04303299 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: oseltamivir and chloroquine Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and favipiravir Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir and oseltamivir Arm D: lopinavir/ritonavir and oseltamivir Arm E: favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir Arm F: darunavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, and chloroquine Arm G: standard treatment | 80 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | Thailand |
| NCT04302766 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Available | USA |
| NCT04292899 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: standard treatment | 400 | Yes | No | Recruiting | USA and Asia (Gilead) |
| NCT04292730 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: standard treatment | 600 | Yes | No | Recruiting | USA and Asia (Gilead) |
| NCT04280705 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: placebo | 394 | Yes | Double | Recruiting | USA and South Korea |
| 2020-000841-15 (EU-CTR) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: standard treatment | 400 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Worldwide (Gilead) |
| 2020-000842-32 (EU-CTR) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: standard treatment | 600 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Worldwide (Gilead) |
| NCT04252664 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: placebo | 308 | Yes | Quadruple | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04257656 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: placebo | 453 | Yes | Quadruple | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04315948 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: remdesivir Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta 1a Arm D: hydroxychloroquine Arm E: standard treatment | 3100 | Yes | No | Recruiting | France |
| ChiCTR2000029387 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ribavirin and interferon alpha-1b Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon alpha-1b Arm C: ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon alpha-1b | 108 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| IRCT20200128046294N2 (ICTPR) | Arm A: sofosbuvir/daclatasvir Arm B: standard treatment | 70 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | Iran |
| ChiCTR2000029400 (ICTPR) | Arm A: traditional Chinese medicine Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm C: traditional Chinese medicine and lopinavir/ritonavir | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030262 (ICTPR) | Arm A: type 1 interferon and TFF2 dose 1 Arm B: type 1 interferon and TFF2 dose 2 Arm C: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029573 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umifenovir Arm B: Novaferon and umifenovir Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir Arm D: umifenovir Arm E: novaferon and lopinavir/ritonavir Arm F: novaferon and umifenovir | 480 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029621 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umifenovir Arm B: standard treatment | 380 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04254874 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: umifenovir Arm B: umifenovir and pegylated interferon alpha 2b | 100 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04255017 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: umifenovir Arm B: oseltamivir Arm C: lopinavir/ritonavir | 400 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029993 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umifenovir and Liushen capsule Arm B: standard treatment | 40 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04275388 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: Xiyanping injection, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha nebulisation Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir and interfer n alpha nebulisation | 348 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China (Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical) |
| Antimalarial | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030031 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: placebo | 120 | Yes | Double | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029988 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 80 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029975 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine | 10 | No | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029939 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029935 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine | 100 | No | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029837 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: placebo | 120 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029826 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: placebo | 45 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029542 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029741 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir | 112 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030718 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 80 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029992 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030417 (ICTPR) | Arm A: chloroquine aerosol inhalation Arm B water aerosol inhalation | 30 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030082 (ICTPR) | Arm A: dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine tablets combined with antiviral treatment (presumed alpha-interferon + umifenovir) Arm B: alpha-interferon + umifenovir | 40 | Yes | No | Suspended | China |
| ChiCTR2000029898 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: chloroquine | 100 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04261517 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard of care | 30 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030054 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029868 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 200 | Yes | Unspecified. | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029740 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 78 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029559 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: hydroxychloroquine Arm C: placebo | 300 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| 2020-000890-25 (EU-CTR) [17] | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine | 25 | No | No | Recruiting | France |
| ChiCTR2000029899 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: chloroquine | 100 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04315896 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: placebo | 500 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | Mexico |
| NCT04316377 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: standard treatment | 202 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | Norway |
| Immunosuppressants | ||||||
| NCT04263402 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: methylprednisolone (<40 mg/day) Arm B: methylprednisolone (40–80 mg/day) | 100 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030089 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment + adalimumab Arm B: conventional treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Not yet recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030481 (ICTPR) | Arm A: early corticosteroid intervention Arm B: middle–late corticosteroid intervention Arm C: standard care | 200 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04288713 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: eculizumab | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Available | USA |
| NCT04280588 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: fingolimod Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030703 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ixekizumab and antiviral therapy Arm B: antiviral therapy | 40 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04275245 (ClinicalTrials.gov) [20] | Arm A: meplazumab | 20 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04273321 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: methylprednisolone Arm B: standard treatment | 400 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04244591 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: methylprednisolone Arm B: standard treatment | 80 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029656 (ICTPR) | Arm A: methylprednisolone Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029386 (ICTPR) | Arm A: methylprednisolone Arm B: standard treatment | 48 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04315298 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: sarilumab high dose Arm B: sarilumab low dose Arm C: placebo | 400 | Yes | Quadruple | Recruiting | USA (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
| ChiCTR2000030058 (ICTPR) | Arm A: standard treatment + leflunomide Arm B: standard treatment + placebo | 200 | Yes | Yes | Not yet recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030196 (ICTPR) | Arm A: tocilizumab | 60 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029765 (ICTPR) | Arm A: tocilizumab Arm B: standard treatment | 188 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04315480 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: tocilizumab | 30 | No | No | Not recruiting | France |
| NCT04317092 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: tocilizumab | 330 | No | No | Recruiting | Italy |
| ChiCTR2000030442 (ICTPR) | Arm A: tocilizumab, IVIG, and CCRT | 100 | No | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030580 (ICTPR) | Arm A: tozumabd and adalimumab Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| Immune modulators | ||||||
| NCT04317040 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: CD24Fc Arm B: placebo | 230 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | USA (OncoImmune) |
| ChiCTR2000029776 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment + polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid Arm B: conventional treatment | 40 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04299724 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Covid-19/aAPC vaccine | 100 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030939 (ICTPR) | Arm A: CSA0001 | 10 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030016 (ICTPR) | Arm A: inhaled inactive Mycobacterium vaccine Arm B: inhaled physiological saline | 60 | Yes | Yes | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030167 (ICTPR) | Arm A: interleukin-2 Arm B: standard treatment | 80 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04261426 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: IVIG Arm B: standard treatment | 80 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04276896 (ICTPR) | Arm A: LV-SMENP-DC vaccine and antigen specific cytotoxic T cells | 100 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04268537 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: PD-1-blocking Ab Arm B: thymosin Arm C: standard treatment | 120 | Yes | Single | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030028 (ICTPR) | Arm A: PD-1 mAb + standard treatment Arm B: standard treatment | 40 | Yes | No | Not yet recruiting | China |
| NCT04312997 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: PUL-042 nebuliser Arm B: sterile saline inhaler | 100 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | USA (Pulmotect) |
| ChiCTR2000030750 (ICTPR) | Arm A: recombinant chimeric DC vaccine Arm B: normal saline | 120 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030007 (ICTPR) | Arm A: standard treatment + rhG-CSF Arm B: standard treatment | 200 | Yes | No | Not yet recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029636 (ICTPR) | Arm A: standard treatment and vMIP atomised inhalation | 40 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029806 (ICTPR) | Arm A: subcutaneous thymosin Arm B: camrelizumab infusion Arm C: conventional treatment | 120 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030779 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ulinastatin (trypsin inhibitor) Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| Cytokine removal | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030475 (ICTPR) | Arm A: CytoSorb cytokine removal | 19 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030477 (ICTPR) | Arm A: oXiris membrane | 19 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030265 (ICTPR) | Arm A: oXiris membrane Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030835 (ICTPR) | Arm A: high-dose MSCs Arm B: low-dose MSCs | 20 | No | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029817 (ICTPR) | Arm A: high-dose NK cells and MSCs Arm B: conventional-dose NK cells and MSCs Arm C: preventive-dose NK cells and MSCs | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China (Guangchou Reborn Health Management Co) |
| ChiCTR2000029606 (ICTPR) | Arm A: menstrual blood-derived stem cells Arm B: artificial liver therapy Arm C: artificial liver therapy and menstrual blood-derived stem cells Arm D: standard treatment | 73 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04315987 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: MSCs | 24 | No | No | Not recruiting | Brazil (Cellavita Pesquisa Cientifica Ltd) |
| NCT04276987 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: MSC-derived exosomes | 30 | No | No | Not recruiting | China (Cellular Biomedicine Group) |
| NCT04288102 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: MSCs Arm B: placebo | 60 | Yes | Quadruple | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04252118 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: MSCs Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | No | No | Recruiting | China (IPM, Vcanbio Cell and Gene Engineering) |
| ChiCTR2000030300 (ICTPR) | Arm A: MSCs | 9 | No | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030224 (ICTPR) | Arm A: MSCs Arm B: normal saline | 32 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030173 (ICTPR) | Arm A: MSCs Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China (Hunan yuanpin Cell Biotech) |
| ChiCTR2000030020 (ICTPR) | Arm A: MSCs | 20 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029990 (ICTPR) [22] | Arm A: MSCs Arm B: saline | 120 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030261 (ICTPR) | Arm A: MSC-derived exosomes Arm B: standard treatment | 26 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04280224 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: NK cells Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030509 (ICTPR) | Arm A: NK cells Arm B: electrolyte injection | 40 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030944 (ICTPR) | Arm A: NK cells and MSC Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04302519 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: pulp MSCs | 24 | No | No | Not recruiting | China (CAR-T Biotechnology Co, Ltd) |
| ChiCTR2000029580 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ruxolitinib and MSCs Arm B: standard treatment | 70 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04299152 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: stem cell educator therapy Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | Single | Not recruiting | USA (Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc) |
| ChiCTR2000030329 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord blood CIK cells Arm B umbilical cord NK cells Arm C: standard treatment | 90 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029812 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell preparations Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management Consultation Co) |
| ChiCTR2000029572 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029818 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord blood plasma preparations Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management Consultation Co) |
| NCT04293692 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs Arm B: placebo | 48 | Yes | Triple | Withdrawn | China (Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology) |
| NCT04273646 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs Arm B: placebo | 48 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China (Wuhan Biotechnology) |
| NCT04269525 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs | 10 | No | No | Recruiting | China (Tuohua Biological Technology Co) |
| ChiCTR2000030138 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs Arm B: placebo | 60 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030484 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs Arm B: umbilical cord MSCs and derived exosomes Arm C: placebo | 120 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030116 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs dose A Arm B umbilical cord MSCs dose B | 16 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029816 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umbilical cord MSCs Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China (Guangzhou Reborn Health Management) |
| NCT04313322 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: Wharton jelly MSCs | 5 | No | No | Recruiting | Jordan (Stem Cells Arabia) |
| ChiCTR2000030088 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Wharton jelly MSCs Arm B: saline | 20 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| Plasma-based therapy | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030702 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy Arm B: standard treatment | 50 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030046 (ICTPR) | Arm A: anti-2019-nCoV virus inactivated plasma | 10 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030381 (ICTPR) | Arm A: anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma Arm B: ordinary plasma | 40 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030010 (ICTPR) | Arm A: anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus inactivated plasma Arm B: ordinary plasma | 100 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030841 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent immunoglobulin Arm B: gamma-globulin | 10 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04264858 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: convalescent immunoglobulin Arm B: gamma globulin | 10 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030039 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma Arm B: standard treatment | 90 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029850 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | No | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030627 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029757 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy Arm B: standard treatment | 200 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030929 (ICTPR) | Arm A: convalescent plasma therapy Arm B: control plasma | 60 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030179 (ICTPR) | Arm A: plasma treatment Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| Inhaled gas | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030258 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydrogen inhalatione Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029739 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydrogen–oxygen nebuliser Arm B: oxygen | 440 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04290871 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide Arm B: no intervention | 104 | Yes | Yes | Not yet recruiting | China |
| NCT04306393 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide Arm B: no intervention | 200 | Yes | Yes | Not yet recruiting | USA |
| NCT04305457 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide Arm B: no intervention | 240 | Yes | No | Not yet recruiting | USA |
| NCT04290858 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: inhaled nitric oxide Arm B: no intervention | 240 | Yes | No | Not yet recruiting | China |
| Antifibrotic | ||||||
| NCT04282902 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: pirfenidone Arm B: standard treatment | 294 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030892 (ICTPR) | Arm A: pirfenidone Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030333 (ICTPR) | Arm A: pirfenidone Arm B: standard treatment | 292 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| Antiangiogenic | ||||||
| NCT04275414 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: bevacizumab | 20 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04305106 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: bevacizumab Arm B: standard treatment | 118 | Yes | Triple | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04273581 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: thalidomide Arm B: placebo | 40 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04273529 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: thalidomide Arm B: placebo | 100 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | China |
| Antimicrobial | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030539 (ICTPR) | Arm A: 3% hydrogen peroxide gargle Arm B: standard treatment | 40 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029867 (ICTPR) | Arm A: carrimycin Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir | 520 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04286503 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: carrimycin + basic treatment (unspecified) Arm B: lopinavir/ritonavir or umifenovir or chloroquine phosphate + basic treatment (unspecified) | 520 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China (Shenyang Tonglian Group) |
| ChiCTR2000030029 (ICTPR) | Arm A: suramin | 20 | No | No | Not yet recruiting | China |
| Antioxidants | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000029851 (ICTPR) | Arm A: alpha lipoic acid Arm B: placebo | 68 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030471 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lipoic acid injection Arm B: standard treatment | 384 | Yes | Single | Recruiting | China |
| Microbiome | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030897 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Newgen beta-gluten probiotic Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029999 (ICTPR) | Arm A: probiotics Arm B: probiotics | 60 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029974 (ICTPR) | Arm A: probiotics Arm B: standard treatment | 300 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China (Qingdao East Sea Pham.) |
| ChiCTR2000029849 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Unspecified intestinal flora intervention Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04251767 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: washed microbiota transplant Arm B: placebo | 40 | Yes | Quadruple | Enrolling by invitation | China |
| Organ support | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030503 (ICTPR) | Arm A: artificial liver system Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030540 (ICTPR) | Arm A: CRRT Arm B: CRRT only for emergency indication | 152 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030761 (ICTPR) | Arm A: CRRT | 20 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030744 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ECMO Arm B: standard treatment | 30 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030855 (ICTPR) | Arm A: external diaphragmatic pacing | 200 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030773 (ICTPR) | Arm A: Unspecified blood purification | 20 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| Therapy interventions | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030260 (ICTPR) | Arm A: enteral nutrition emulsion Arm B: standard treatment | 20 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030198 (ICTPR) | Arm A: health education and pulmonary rehabilitation Arm B: health education | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030418 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lung rehabilitation Arm B: usual activity | 80 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030578 (ICTPR) | Arm A: lung rehabilitation training Arm B: standard treatment | 40 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04283825 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: psychological and physical rehabilitation Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030084 (ICTPR) | Arm A: psychological intervention Arm B: standard treatment | 180 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030467 (ICTPR) | Arm A: psychological intervention and traditional Chinese medicine Arm B: psychological intervention, traditional Chinese medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine psychological intervention | 60 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029459 (ICTPR) | Arm A: pulmonary rehabilitation Arm B: standard treatment | 50 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030433 (ICTPR) | Arm A: rehabilitation and lung eight-segment exercisef | 80 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029460 (ICTPR) | Arm A: shadowboxing rehabilitation Arm B: standard treatment | 100 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| Ozonated autohemotherapy | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030165 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment Arm B (mild): conventional treatment + ozonated autohemotherapy Arm C (severe): conventional treatment + ozonated autohemotherapy | 60 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030102 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment Arm B: conventional treatment + ozone therapy Arm C (severe): conventional treatment + ozone therapy Arm D (severe): conventional treatment Arm E (critical): conventional treatment + ozone therapy Arm F (critical): conventional treatment | 180 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030006 (ICTPR) | Arm A: ozonated autohemotherapy Arm B: standard medical treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| Other | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000029742 (ICTPR) | Arm A: (general): normal treatment Arm B (general): normal treatment + sodium aescinate Arm C (severe): normal treatment + hormonotherapy (presumed glucocorticoids) Arm D (severe): lopinavir/ritonavir Arm E (severe): normal treatment + sodium aescinate | 90 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030328 (ICTPR) | Arm A: acetylcysteine inhalation (mucolytic effect) via tracheal tube Arm B: saline inhalation via tracheal tube | 60 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030398 (ICTPR) | Arm A: bismuth Arm B: placebo | 340 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030055 (ICTPR) | Arm A: conventional treatment Arm B: conventional treatment + dipyridamole | 460 | Yes | No | Recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030853 (ICTPR) | Arm A: dexmedetomidine | 200 | No | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030700 (ICTPR) | Arm A: enoxaparin sodium Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000030135 (ICTPR) | Arm A: high-dose vitamin C Arm B: standard treatment | 39 | Yes | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04311697 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: intravenous aviptadil followed by nebulised in 48 h if required Arm B: aviptadil nebuliser followed by intravenous in 48 h if required | 20 | Yes | Single | Not recruiting | USA and Israel (NeuroRx) |
| ChiCTR2000030170 (ICTPR) | Arm A: jakotinibg | 8 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04312009 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: losartan Arm B: placebo | 200 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | USA |
| NCT04311177 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: losartan Arm B: placebo | 478 | Yes | Quadruple | Not recruiting | USA |
| ChiCTR2000030946 (ICTPR) | Arm A: low-molecular-weight heparin Arm B: mechanical prevention | 120 | Yes | Unspecified | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04304313 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: sildenafil | 10 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04308317 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: tetrandrine Arm B: standard treatment | 60 | Yes | No | Enrolling by invitation | China |
| NCT04264533 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: vitamin C Arm B: sterile water for injection | 140 | Yes | Triple | Recruiting | China |
| (B) Ongoing clinical trials for prevention of COVID-19 | ||||||
| Vaccine | ||||||
| NCT04299724 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: Covid-19/aAPC vaccine | 100 | No | No | Recruiting | China |
| NCT04313127 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: low-dose Ad5-nCoV Arm B: middle-dose Ad5-nCoV Arm C: high-dose Ad5-nCoV | 108 | No | No | Not recruiting | China (CanSino Biologics) |
| NCT04283461 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: mRNA-1273 (25 μg) Arm B: mRNA-1273 (100 μg) Arm C: mRNA-1273 (250 μg) | 45 | No | No | Recruiting | USA (ModernaTX) |
| Antiviral | ||||||
| NCT04304053 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: darunavir/cobicistat Arm B: isolation | 3040 | Yes | No | Recruiting | Spain |
| ChiCTR2000030013 (ICTPR) | Arm A: interferon a1b Arm B: no intervention | 450 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Not recruiting | China |
| ChiCTR2000029592 (ICTPR) | Arm A: umifenovir Arm B: without umifenovir | 1000 | Unspecified | No | Not recruiting | China |
| Antimalarial | ||||||
| NCT04303507 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: chloroquine Arm B: placebo | 10000 | Yes | Double | Not recruiting | UK |
| NCT04308668 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine Arm B: placebo | 1500 | Yes | Quadruple | Recruiting | USA |
| ChiCTR2000029803 (ICTPR) | Arm A: hydroxychloroquine (low dose) Arm B: hydroxychloroquine – high dose Arm C: umifenovir – low dose Arm D: umifenovir – high dose | 320 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| Personal protective equipment | ||||||
| ChiCTR2000030317 (ICTPR) | Arm A: gastroscope mask Arm B: without mask | 300 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
| NCT04296643 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: medical masks Arm B: N95 respirators | 676 | Yes | Single | Not recruiting | USA |
| Other | ||||||
| NCT04312243 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: nitric oxide Arm B: no treatment | 460 | No | No | Not recruiting | USA |
| NCT04313023 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | Arm A: PUL-042 Arm B: normal saline | 200 | Yes | Quadruple | Not yet recruiting | USA (Pulmotect) |
| ChiCTR2000030432 (ICTPR) | Arm A: rehabilitation and lung eight-segment exercises Arm B: normal activity | 80 | Yes | No | Not recruiting | China |
aAbbreviations: Ad5, adenovirus type 5; APC, antigen-presenting cells; CIK cells, cytokine-induced killer cells; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; DC, dendritic cell; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; NK cells, natural killer cells; rhG-CSF, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; rSFIN-co, recombinant supercompound interferon; TFF2, Trefoil factor 2; vMIP, viral macrophage inflammatory protein.
bFor part (B), this column indicates the intervention to prevent infection.
cParticipant size as stated in registry entry.
dNo literature outside trial protocol; likely tocilizumab.
eHydrogen inhalation has shown evidence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in ischaemia–reperfusion injury.
fNo literature outside trial protocol; likely a form of lung rehabilitation.
gNo literature outside trial protocol; possible Janus kinase inhibitor.