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Table 6

Metabolic features of Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Metabolic PathwayGulf War Illness (males)Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (males) [31]
Ceramides and Sphingomyelins
Phospholipids
Cardiolipins
Purines (Xno, Ino, Hx)1
Endocannabinoids
HETEs, eicosanoids
Pyrimidines (Cytidine)Unchanged
ValineUnchanged or ↓
ArginineUnchanged
Uric acidUnchanged
Acyl-carnitinesUnchanged or ↑Unchanged or ↓

1Although Xno, Ino, and Hx (xanthosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine) were unchanged in males with CFS, two other purines, uric acid and deoxyguanosine, were decreased.