PMC full text:
Published online 2017 Mar 3. doi: 10.1007/s10143-017-0830-3
Table 1
Bulbar symptoms index
| The following 20 symptoms may be referable to pathology at the level of the brainstem. Please indicate "yes" or "no" whether you have any of the following symptoms on a recurring or chronic basis. |
| Double vision |
| Dizziness |
| Vertigo |
| Ringing in the ears |
| Speech difficulties |
| Difficulty swallowing |
| Sleep apnea |
| Snoring or frequent awakening |
| Memory loss |
| Choking on food |
| Hands turn blue in cold weather |
| Numbness in your arms and shoulders |
| Numbness in your back and legs |
| Get tired very easily |
| Unsteady walking |
| More clumsy than you used to be |
| Urinate more often (every 1–2 h) |
| Irritable bowel disease or gastro esophageal reflux disease |
| Weaker than you would expect in your arms or hand |
| Weaker in your legs |
Five percent each positive response, 0–100%
