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Neurosurgical Review
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Table 1

Bulbar symptoms index

The following 20 symptoms may be referable to pathology at the level of the brainstem. Please indicate "yes" or "no" whether you have any of the following symptoms on a recurring or chronic basis.
 Double vision
 Dizziness
 Vertigo
 Ringing in the ears
 Speech difficulties
 Difficulty swallowing
 Sleep apnea
 Snoring or frequent awakening
 Memory loss
 Choking on food
 Hands turn blue in cold weather
 Numbness in your arms and shoulders
 Numbness in your back and legs
 Get tired very easily
 Unsteady walking
 More clumsy than you used to be
 Urinate more often (every 1–2 h)
 Irritable bowel disease or gastro esophageal reflux disease
 Weaker than you would expect in your arms or hand
 Weaker in your legs

Five percent each positive response, 0–100%