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Table 3

Cytokine Modulation

MushroomIn Vivo/Vitro/ModelCytokinePatternDose/PreparationReference
AgaricusIn vivo, mouse cancer An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1350 mg PO QD; hot water extractTakimoto et al, 200815
AgaricusIn vivo, mouse leukemia An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-1β
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg IL-4
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI
3 or 6 mg/kg PO × 3 wk; hot water extractLin, Fan, and Tang, 201216
ReishiIn vivo, advanced human lung cancer, prospective nonplacebo controlled trial with 36 participants An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2 56%
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6 56%
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ 56%
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg IL-1 56.7%
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg TNF-α 66.6%
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg PI
5.4 g/d PO; Ganopoly × 12 wk; hot water extraction, then 75% ethanol extraction, then purified by gel filtrationGao et al, 200517
ReishiIn vivo, human late-stage cancer, prospective nonplacebo controlled trial with 34 participants An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI
1800 mg Ganopoly PO TID × 3 mo; hot water extraction, then 75% ethanol extraction, then purified by gel filtrationGao et al, 200318
ReishiIn vivo, mouse CT26 cancer An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg NF-κB
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-1β
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI
50, 100, 200 mg/kg IP; standardized PSG-1 polysaccharide, compared to 5-fluorouracil or normal salineZhang et al, 201319
ReishiIn vivo, mouse lung cancer An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg NF-κB
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH128 mg/kg IP; ganoderic acid-Me purified from Ganoderma lucidumWang et al, 200720
ReishiIn vivo, mouse sarcoma 180 An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI
50, 100, 200 mg/kg IP; Ganoderma polysaccharidesWang et al, 201221
ReishiEx vivo, S-180 sarcoma mouse model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-4
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1200 mg/kg IP/d; sporoderms and stipe broken extractsYue et al, 200822
ReishiIn vitro, mouse cancer cell line An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI50, 100, 200 mg/mL; broken spores dissolved in water, then extracted with ethanolGuo et al, 200923
ReishiIn vitro, precancerous uroepithelial cells (HUC-PC cell line) An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-6
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg NF-κB
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-8
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI40, 80, 100 mg/mL; ethanol extraction onlyYuen, Gohel, and Ng, 201124
ReishiIn vitro, inflammatory breast cancer cell line An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-8 An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI0.5, 1.0 mg/mL every 48 h for 96 h; extract of fruiting body and cracked sporesMartinez-Montemayor et al, 201125
MaitakeEx vivo, human breast cancer participants posttreatment An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-10
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1Dose escalation up to 5 mg/kg PO BID for 21 d; hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation, packaged by Gaia HerbsDeng et al, 200926
MaitakeEx vivo, mouse colon cancer model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p70
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH17.8 mg/kg/d IP for 19 d; D-fraction of dried maitakeKodama et al, 200227
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse cancer cisplatin treatment An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p70
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p40
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg G-CSF
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg M-CSF
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH18 mg/kg/d IP; water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation, MD-fractionMasuda et al, 200928
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse colon-cancer model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12 An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH18 mg/kg/d IP; water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation, MD-fractionMasuda et al, 200829
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse carcinoma model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH15 mg/kg/d PO for 19 d; water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation, D-fractionKodama et al, 200230
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse carcinoma model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg IL-4
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p70
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-18
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f4.jpg TH2
5 mg/kg/d PO QD for 20 d; D-fractionInoue, Kodama, and Nanba, 200231
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse colon-cancer model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH17.5, 15.0 mg IP QD for 7 d; hot water extract with an ethanol precipitation, followed by complex gel column fractionations for MLP fractionKodama et al, 201032
MaitakeIn vivo, mouse colon-cancer model An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p70
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH17.8 mg/kg/d IP; hot water extract with an the ethanol precipitation for D fractionHarada, Kodama, and Nanba, 200333
MaitakeIn vitro, human mononuclear cells An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH112.5, 11, and 200 mg/mL; intracellular fractions of fruiting bodySvagelj et al, 200834
CordycepsIn vitro, mouse lymphoma cell line An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-1
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg PI200 mg/mL Cordyceps sinensis or 100 mg/mL 1,3-β-glucanKawanishi et al, 201035
Turkey TailIn vivo, TLR2 knockout Mice vs normal mice An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12 only in normal mice An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH11–100 mg/mL × 96 h; purified PSKLu et al, 201136
Turkey TailIn vitro, breast cancer cell line An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH110 mg/mL; purified PSKLu et al, 201137
Turkey TailIn vitro, TLR2 knockout mice vs normal mice An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IFN-γ
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p70
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TNF-α
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-12p40
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg IL-2 all inhibited by TLR2 knockout
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is 32-44f3.jpg TH11–100 mg/mL × 96 h; purified PSKLu et al, 201136

Abbreviations: PO=by mouth; QD=every day; TID=3×/d; IP=intraperitoneal; PSG-1=Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide; BID=2×/d; PSK=polysaccharide K.