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Table 1

Clinical and epidemiologic features of culture-confirmed HGA versus early Lyme disease (erythema migrans)

CharacteristicNo. (%) of patients or other value as indicated
P value
Culture-confirmed HGA (n = 44)Lyme disease (n = 62)
Age (yr [mean ± SD])51.4 ± 15.350.2 ± 14.70.269
Male sex24 (54.5)30 (48.4)0.532
History of Lyme disease15 (34.1)8 (12.9)0.009
Tick bite recollection23 (52.3)19 (30.7)0.025
Onset in June, July or August36 (81.8)56 (90.3)0.249
Days of illness to presentation (mean ± SD)5.3 ± 4.69.3 ± 7.5<0.001
    Median (range)4 (1–22)7.5 (1–39)
Total no. of symptoms (mean ± SD)8.4 ± 3.06.3 ± 3.70.003
    Median (range)9 (1–14)6 (1–14)
Fever, sweats, rigors39 (88.6)26 (47.3)<0.001
Maximum temp (°C) reported39.2 (n = 41)37.8 (n = 40)<0.001
Temp (°C) at presentation38.037.1<0.001
Fatigue37 (84.1)40 (64.5)0.026
Headache36 (81.8)31 (50.0)<0.001
Arthralgias25 (56.8)38 (61.3)0.644
Myalgias33 (75.0)29 (46.8)0.004
Stiff neck20 (45.5)30 (48.4)0.766
Anorexia28 (63.6)21 (33.9)0.003
Dizziness24 (50.6)15 (24.2)0.001
Memory impairment12 (27.3)17 (27.4)0.987
Paresthesias7 (15.9)17 (27.4)0.163
Cough18 (40.9)13 (21.0)0.026
Abdominal pain7 (15.9)1 (1.6)0.009
Nausea14 (31.8)12 (19.4)0.142
Vomiting4 (9.1)3 (4.8)0.446
Diarrhea6 (13.6)3 (14.8)0.158