Aggressive Crime, Alcohol and Drug Use, and Concentrated Poverty in 24 U.S. Urban Areas

doi:10.1080/00952990701407637

PMC full text:

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 Jan 5.

Published in final edited form as:

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007; 33(4): 595–603.

doi: 10.1080/00952990701407637

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Table 2

Conditional coefficient estimates of fixed effects^a and standard errors of the individual- and city-level variables on aggressive crime for the base, simple random intercept and random intercept models for 1992 DUF national sample (N = 20,602)

Variables	Base Model		Simple Random Intercept Model		Random Intercept Model
Variables	Coefficient	Std Error	Coefficient	Std Error	Coefficient	Std Error
Individual-level variables
Grand intercept	−.378^***	.076	−.248^*	.097	−.089	.587
Drug use	−.560^***	.031	−.544^***	.032	−.544^***	.032
Alcohol use	−.165^***	.032	.174^***	.033	.174^***	.033
Employment status			.068	.037	.067	.037
High school education			−.036	.035	−.034	.035
College education			−.109^*	.044	−.109^*	.044
Single vs. married			−.308^***	.035	−.309^***	.035
Divorced vs. married			−.358^***	.050	−.357^***	.045
African-American vs. Euro-American			.005	.040	.004	.041
Hispanics vs. Euro-American			−.052	.051	−.047	.051
Legal income			.100^**	.037	.100^**	.037
Age			.009	.012	.009	.012
City-level variables
%high school dropout					.024	.029
%unemployed males					−.059	.059
%households receiving welfare					−.060^*	.020
%female-headed households					.033^*	.014

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.

^aControlling for the random effect of metropolitan area.