As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with,
the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.
Learn more about our disclaimer.
Bull World Health Organ. 1957; 17(4-5): 569–863.
PMCID: PMC2537678
PMID: 13511135
Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect
Clinical experience: potency, side-effects, addiction liability*
Abstract
A review of effects in man of morphine-like drugs which have been brought under international narcotics control is presented in the form of individual monographs. These are based on controlled observations with quantitative data and significant reports of results obtained in medical practice. In a summarizing section, the drugs are compared with respect to effectiveness, side-effects and addiction liability. Morphine-like drugs of natural and synthetic origin now cover a wide range of potency (analgesic, antitussive), not necessarily paralleled by incidence of side-effects or addiction liability.
Full text
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (28M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- DENTON JE, BEECHER HK. New analgesics. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Dec 10;141(15):1051–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ECKENHOFF JE, HELRICH M, HEGE MJ, JONES RE. Respiratory hazards of opiates and other narcotic analgesics. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1955 Dec;101(6):701–708. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M. The respiratory effects of pethidine and levallorphan. Anaesthesia. 1957 Apr;12(2):174–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSSMAN AJ, GOLBEY M, GITTINGER WC, BATTERMAN RC. Clinical effectiveness and safety of a new series of analgesic compounds. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1956 Feb;4(2):187–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRAENDEN OJ, EDDY NB, HALBACH H. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between chemical structure and analgesic action. Bull World Health Organ. 1955;13(6):937–998. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRAENDEN OJ, WOLFF PO. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; chemical aspects. Bull World Health Organ. 1954;10(6):1003–1038. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS MM, TUPPER WRC. Heroin, demerol, and hyoscine in labour. Can Med Assoc J. 1949 Feb;60(2):113–119. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS MM, TUPPER WRC. Heroin, demerol, and hyoscine in labour. Can Med Assoc J. 1949 Feb;60(2):113–119. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dixon WE. An Address ON THE DRUG HABIT: Delivered at a Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society. Br Med J. 1921 Nov 19;2(3177):819–822. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOUVILLE J. L'héro-scopo dans la tempète obstétricale en rase campagne. Union Med Can. 1950 Dec;79(12):1457–1461. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRITISH medical association. Lancet. 1952 Jul 19;2(6725):129–136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILLIS BR. The assessment of cough suppressing drugs. Lancet. 1952 Jun 21;1(6721):1230–1235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JAVERT CT, HARDY JD. Influence of analgesic on pain intensity during labor; with a note on natural childbirth. Anesthesiology. 1951 Mar;12(2):189–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, BEECHER HK. Analgesic potency and side action liability in man of heptazone, WIN 1161-2, 6-methyl dihydromorphine, Metopon, levo-isomethadone and pentobarbital sodium, as a further effort to refine methods of evaluation of analgesic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Jun;105(2):109–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LASAGNA L, BEECHER HK. The optimal dose of morphine. J Am Med Assoc. 1954 Sep 18;156(3):230–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LASAGNA L, VON FELSINGER JM, BEECHER HK. Drug-induced mood changes in man. I. Observations on healthy subjects, chronically ill patients, and postaddicts. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Mar 19;157(12):1006–1020. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Venters Margaret. Heroin and Pethidine during Labour. Br Med J. 1944 Mar 04;1(4339):b339–339. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
- BANYAI AL. Management of cough in daily practice. J Am Med Assoc. 1952 Feb 16;148(7):501–504. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HYMAN S, ROSENBLUM SH. Clinical evaluation of a new antitussive agent. Ill Med J. 1953 Oct;104(4):257–259. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CURRERI AR, GALE JW, DICKIE HA. Effectiveness of dromoran (3-hydroxyn-methyl morphinan) as an analgesic in thoracic surgery. J Thorac Surg. 1950 Jul;20(1):90–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA. Quantitative determination of the visceral pain threshold in man; characteristics of visceral pain, effect of inflammation and analgesics on the threshold, and relationship of analgesia to visceral spasm. J Clin Invest. 1951 Apr;30(4):406–420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA, MCGOWAN JM. Activity of some newer spasmolytic agents on the biliary tract of man; a comparative study of isopropyl-norepinephrine, adiphenine hydrochloride, methylamino-iso-octene and khellin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Jul;99(3):304–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLAUGHTER D. Neostigmine and opiate analgesia. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1950 Jun 1;83(1):143–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZINDLER M, GANZ P. Ein Antidot der Opiate; die antagonistische Wirkung von (-)3-Oxy-N-allyl-morphinan (Ro 1-7700) auf die Atemdepression nach hohen Dosen von Morphin und Morphin-Abkömmlingen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1955 Mar 25;80(12):410–412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BEECHER HK, DEFFER PA, FINK FE, SULLIVAN DB. Field use of methadone and levo-iso-methadone in a combat zone (Hamhung-Hungnam, North Korea). U S Armed Forces Med J. 1951 Sep;2(9):1269–1276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN JM, VOLPITTO PP. Effects of various amnesic regimens on the human maternal and fetal blood gases during parturition. Anesthesiology. 1950 Nov;11(6):651–660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DENTON JE, BEECHER HK. New analgesics. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Dec 17;141(16):1146–1146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, BEECHER HK. Analgesic potency and side action liability in man of heptazone, WIN 1161-2, 6-methyl dihydromorphine, Metopon, levo-isomethadone and pentobarbital sodium, as a further effort to refine methods of evaluation of analgesic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Jun;105(2):109–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRESCOTT F, RANSOM SG, et al. Effect of analgesics on respiratory response to carbon dioxide in man. Lancet. 1949 Feb 26;1(6548):340–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BATTERMAN RC, OSHLAG AM. The effectiveness and toxicity of methadon, a new analgesic agent. Anesthesiology. 1949 Mar;10(2):214–222. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BAUMHOFF G, SCHURMEYER A. Polamidon als Spasmolyticum und Analgeticum. Med Klin. 1950 Apr 21;45(16):489–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BECKER AM. Zur Suchtfrage bei neuen Analgeticis (6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-Heptanon, "Heptadon"). Wien Med Wochenschr. 1951 Jan 20;101(3):50–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BEECHER HK, DEFFER PA, FINK FE, SULLIVAN DB. Field use of methadone and levo-iso-methadone in a combat zone (Hamhung-Hungnam, North Korea). U S Armed Forces Med J. 1951 Sep;2(9):1269–1276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BEESE FW. Kasuistik; gibt es eine Polamidon-Sucht? Arztl Wochensch. 1950 Aug 4;5(30):558–559. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COSTELLO C, McDONALD J. The role of a new analgesic in surgery. Mo Med. 1949 May;46(5):333–337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS ME, ANDROS GJ, KING AG. Use of methadone-scopolamine in obstetric analgesia. J Am Med Assoc. 1952 Apr 5;148(14):1193–1198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DENTON JE, BEECHER HK. New analgesics. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Dec 17;141(16):1146–1146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EHRHART G, SCHAUMANN O. Polamidon, ein neues, stark wirkendes Analgetikum. Med Monatsschr. 1949 Aug;3(8):605–605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRIEBEL H, REICHLE C, VON GRAEVENITZ A. Zur Hemmung des Hustenreflexes durch zentral angreifende Arzneimittel. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1955;224(4):384–400. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRIEBEL H, REICHLE C. Versuchstierart und Testergebnis bei Prüfung schmerz- und hustenstillender Arzneimittel. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1956;229(4):400–407. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA. Quantitative determination of the visceral pain threshold in man; characteristics of visceral pain, effect of inflammation and analgesics on the threshold, and relationship of analgesia to visceral spasm. J Clin Invest. 1951 Apr;30(4):406–420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA, MCGOWAN JM. Activity of some newer spasmolytic agents on the biliary tract of man; a comparative study of isopropyl-norepinephrine, adiphenine hydrochloride, methylamino-iso-octene and khellin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Jul;99(3):304–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOECK P. Polamidon in der Chirurgie. Med Klin. 1950 Jun 2;45(22):710–710. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GREEN AF, WARD NB. The action of analgesics and nalorphine on the cough reflex. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1955 Dec;10(4):418–423. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GUTNER LB, GOULD WJ, BATTERMAN RC. The effects of potent analgesics upon vestibular function. J Clin Invest. 1952 Mar;31(3):259–266. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAAS H. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Analgetica. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1955;225(5):442–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HEROLD K. Polamidon als Hustenmittel in der Behandlung der Lungentuberkulose. Medizinische. 1953 Jan 24;6(4):126–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILLIS BR. The assessment of cough suppressing drugs. Lancet. 1952 Jun 21;1(6721):1230–1235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H. The newer analgesic drugs; their use and abuse. Ann Intern Med. 1948 Dec;29(6):1003–1013. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, WHITE WM. Clinical characteristics of addictions. Am J Med. 1953 May;14(5):558–565. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, WILKER A, et al. Liability of addiction to 6-dimethylamino-4-4-diphenyl-3-heptanone (methadon, amidone or 10820) in man; experimental addiction to methadon. Arch Intern Med (Chic) 1948 Oct;82(4):362–392. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEWITZ H, REMMER H, ENGELHARDT H. Die Wirkung von Morphin, Dolantin und Polamidon auf den Dünndarm des Menschen. Klin Wochenschr. 1951 Sep 1;29(33-34):570–571. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KRAEMER R. Ein Beitrag zur Polamidonsucht. Nervenarzt. 1952 Jan;23(1):33–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEIMBACH DG, EDDY NB. Synthetic analgesics: III. Methadols, isomethadols, and their acyl derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1954 Feb;110(2):135–147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUND CJ. Choices of analgesics during the first stage of labor. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Apr 14;145(15):1114–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MAGALDI JB, BRANDAO JA. Aço analgésica do 6-dimetilamino 4,4-difenil 3-heptanona. Hospital (Rio J) 1949 Apr;35(4):543–548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MAIER S. Uber Polamidonmissbrauch. Med Monatsschr. 1950 Aug;4(8):620–621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUHLAU M. Ist die Forderung berechtigt, die neuen stark wirkenden synthetischen Analgetica, insbesondere Polamidon, Cliradon, Dromoran, dem-Opiumgesetz zu unterstellen? Arztl Wochensch. 1952 Mar 14;7(11):257–260. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MULLER-LIMMROTH HW, MASSMANN H. Der Einfluss des Polamidons auf das Elektrencephalogramm des Menschen. Klin Wochenschr. 1952 Oct 15;30(39-40):943–944. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW. Analgesics as supplements during anaesthesia. Proc R Soc Med. 1951 Oct;44(10):840–844. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NATHAN PW. Newer synthetic analgesic drugs. Br Med J. 1952 Oct 25;2(4790):903–908. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PERSCH R. Uber Polamidon-Missbrauch. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) 1954 Oct;6(10):258–263. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PIECK K. Gibt es eine Polamidonsucht? Med Klin. 1950 Nov 10;45(45):1429–1432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRATT JH, WELCH JS. Hyatrobal and methadone hydrochloride in preoperative preparation of patients. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Jan 15;157(3):231–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRESCOTT F, RANSOM SG, et al. Effect of analgesics on respiratory response to carbon dioxide in man. Lancet. 1949 Feb 26;1(6548):340–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RASCH M. Dextrometadons hostlindrande effekt. Nord Med. 1957 Apr 25;57(17):629–631. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REMY D. Uber den Einfluss des Polamidon (Höchst 10820) auf die Ventilationssteigerung nach CO2-Atmung. Klin Wochenschr. 1950 May 1;28(17/18):318–319. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RIEBELING C. Bemerkungen zur Polamidontherapie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1950 Jul 14;75(27/8):946–948. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SALM H. Beobachtungen bei Polamidonsüchtigen, insbesondere über psychische Veränderungen nach Polamidonmissbrauch. Nervenarzt. 1953 Apr 20;24(4):143–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SATTES H. Uber Polamidonsucht. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1950 May 12;75(19):638–641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SATTES H. Zur Polamidonsucht. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Jul 20;70(29-30):929–931. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHADER HE. Zur Verwendung von Polamidon in der Morphinentziehung. Med Klin. 1950 Oct 27;45(43):1369–1371. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHAEFER H. Uber die Verwendung von Polamidon in der Kieferheilkunde. Zahnarztl Welt Zahnarztl Reform Zwr. 1951 Mar 20;6(6):125–126. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHMITZ-HELFF KG. Erfahrungen mit Polamidon C. Medizinische. 1953 May 2;21(18):622–624. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott CC, Robbins EB, Chen KK. Comparison of Some New Analgesic Compounds. Science. 1946 Dec 20;104(2712):587–588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLOMKA MB, SLEETH CK. Analgetic activity of optical isomers of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan and 6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Dec;84(3):532–534. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH EJ, NAGYFY SF. A report on comparative studies on newer drugs used for obstetrical analgesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1949 Oct;58(4):695–702. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STAMM H. dl-Dimethylaminodiphenylheptanon, ein neues synthetisches Analgeticum mit morphinähnlicher Wirkung. Praxis. 1950 Feb 16;39(7):132–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEPHAN W. Polamidon in der Behandlung des Tetanus. Medizinische. 1953 Aug 8;31-32:1009–1011. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEPHEN CR, NOWILL WK, MARTIN RC. Evaluation of methods of pain relief during labor and delivery, with reference to mother and child. N C Med J. 1952 Nov;13(11):616–620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SZIRMAI E, BAJUSZ E, NYIRI I. Die Wirkung des neuen schmerzlindernden Mittels Depridol auf das Schmerzgefühl, auf die Dauer des Geburtsaktes und auf die Wehentätigkeit: polarographische, tokographische und myotonographische Registrierungen. Pharmazie. 1954 Feb;9(2):116–123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TAINTER ML, BUCHANAN OH. A comparison of certain actions of demerol and methadone. Calif Med. 1949 Jan;70(1):35–43. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THORP RH. The pharmacology of the optical isomers of amidone (2-dimethylamino-4: 4-diphenylheptan-5-one). Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1949 Mar;4(1):98–104. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAN DYKE HB. New analgesic drugs. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1949 Mar;25(3):152–175. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSON A, CROCKETT GS, EXTONSMITH AN, STEINBERG H. Clinical evaluation of effects of drugs on medical students as a teaching method. Br Med J. 1950 Aug 26;2(4677):484–488. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZECH K. Erkennung und Behandlung der Rauschgiftsuchten. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1952 Feb 15;94(7):295–299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVID NA, SEMLER HJ, BURGNER PR. Control of chronic pain by DL-alpha acetylmethadol. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jun 16;161(7):599–603. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DENTON JE, BEECHER HK. New analgesics. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Dec 10;141(15):1051–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRASER HF, ISBELL H. Actions and addiction liabilities of alpha-acetyl-methadols in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Aug;105(4):458–465. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, BEECHER HK. Analgesic activity and toxic effects of acetylmethadol isomers in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Jun;105(2):210–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEIMBACH DG, EDDY NB. Synthetic analgesics: III. Methadols, isomethadols, and their acyl derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1954 Feb;110(2):135–147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COPE E, GILLHESPY RO, JONES PO. Dipipanone hydrochloride in the treatment of severe pain; a report of 200 cases. Br Med J. 1956 Nov 10;2(5001):1094–1096. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUCHHEIM KL, ANGERMANN B. "Ticarda" ein neues hustensstillendes Mittel. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Oct 12;76(41):1278–1279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BURKHARDT H, ORZECHOWSKI G. Ticardasucht. Arch Toxikol. 1954;15(2):135–140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CIESLAK G. Uber suchtmachende Hustenmittel. Nervenarzt. 1955 Jan 20;26(1):30–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DE BEULE R. Ondervinding met een nieuw hoeststillend middel; het ticarda. Belg Tijdschr Geneesk. 1952 Mar 1;8(5):220–224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DE BEULE R. Expériences avec un nouveau sédatif de la toux; le ticarda (Hoechst). Praxis. 1953 Feb 26;42(9):159–162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EBERMANN H. Uber einen Fall von Ticarda-Sucht. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1954 Aug 13;96(33):922–923. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, TOUCHBERRY CF, LIEBERMAN JE. Synthetic analgesics; methadone isomers and derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Feb;98(2):121–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GIAMMARINARO G, AGNOLETTO L. Il trattamento della tosse con ticarda. Gazz Med Ital. 1952 Jul;111(7):179–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAIBACH A. Gibt es eine Ticardasucht? Dtsch Med J. 1955 Feb 15;6(3-4):117–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HEIMENDINGER J. Die Therapie des Reizhustens mit einem neuen Mittel; Ticarda. Praxis. 1952 Apr 10;41(15):323–324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MORAWETZ H. Die Behandlung des Rheizhustens mit Ticarda. Med Welt. 1951 Nov 10;20(45):1416–1417. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REIMANN F. Klinische Erprobung des Hustenmittels Ticarda bei Tuberkulose kranken. Med Klin. 1951 Feb 16;46(7):209–211. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RIESS O, TONJES H. Fortschrittliche Behandlung der Hustens mit Ticarda. Med Monatsschr. 1951 Jun;5(6):415–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHMID J. Ticarda als Suchtmittel. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1954 Jul 30;79(31-32):1191–1191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ARNOLD OH, SOLMS W. Uber die Anwendung eines zentral vegetativen Hemmungsstoffes in der psychiatrischen Therapie. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1952 Nov 29;102(48):964–965. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BASIL B, EDGE ND, SOMERS GF. The pharmacology of phenadoxone or dl-6-morpholino-4:4-diphenyl-heptan-3-one hydrochloride. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1950 Mar;5(1):125–141. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CARRATALA R, COSTA AJ, COSENTINO R. Derivados de la metadona y de la petidina, inconvenientes de su venta libre, el heptan. Rev Asoc Med Argent. 1953 Apr;67(747-748):102–104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HEWER AJH, KEELE CA, et al. A clinical method of assessing analgesics. Lancet. 1949 Mar 12;1(6550):431–435. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILL M. "Heptalgin" as an obstetric analgesic. Med J Aust. 1951 Feb 10;1(6):212–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, BEECHER HK. Analgesic potency and side action liability in man of heptazone, WIN 1161-2, 6-methyl dihydromorphine, Metopon, levo-isomethadone and pentobarbital sodium, as a further effort to refine methods of evaluation of analgesic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Jun;105(2):109–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW. Analgesics as supplements during anaesthesia. Proc R Soc Med. 1951 Oct;44(10):840–844. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NATHAN PW. Newer synthetic analgesic drugs. Br Med J. 1952 Oct 25;2(4790):903–908. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SPIES R. Heptalgin, ein neues Analgetikum der Heptanonreihe. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1955 Nov 19;105(46):964–964. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSON WM, HUNTER RB. C.B.11, a new analgesic drug; preliminary communication. Br Med J. 1948 Sep 18;2(4576):553–553. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA. Quantitative determination of the visceral pain threshold in man; characteristics of visceral pain, effect of inflammation and analgesics on the threshold, and relationship of analgesia to visceral spasm. J Clin Invest. 1951 Apr;30(4):406–420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA, McGOWAN JM. Biliary and small intestinal spasm due to synthetic analgesics methadone and methyldihydromorphinone (metopon). Gastroenterology. 1950 Oct;16(2):484–489. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, BEECHER HK. Analgesic potency and side action liability in man of heptazone, WIN 1161-2, 6-methyl dihydromorphine, Metopon, levo-isomethadone and pentobarbital sodium, as a further effort to refine methods of evaluation of analgesic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1952 Jun;105(2):109–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MONROE MW. Medical pain relief; clinical observations of a morphine derivative, metapon hydrochloride. Marquette Med Rev. 1949 Jan;14(2):53–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRAENDEN OJ, WOLFF PO. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; chemical aspects. Bull World Health Organ. 1954;10(6):1003–1038. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROTMAN M, CULLEN SC, WILKINS DS. Intravenous supplementation during nitrous oxide anesthesia: comparison of demerol, morphine and a new potent analgesic drug (15431). Anesthesiology. 1950 Sep;11(5):527–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CRESCENTE FJ. Dromoran in general surgery. J Int Coll Surg. 1951 Dec;16(6):779–782. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CURRERI AR, GALE JW, DICKIE HA. Effectiveness of dromoran (3-hydroxyn-methyl morphinan) as an analgesic in thoracic surgery. J Thorac Surg. 1950 Jul;20(1):90–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRASER HF, ISBELL H. Addiction liabilities of morphinan, 6-methyldihydromorphine and dihydrocodeinone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Oct;100(2):128–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRIESSER G, HENFTLING T. Erfahrungen mit Dromoran Roche in der Behandlung chirurgischer Schmerzzustände. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1953 May 1;78(18):672–674. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAGEMEYER G. Zur Behandlung schwerer akuter und chronischer Schmerzzustände in der Chirurgie. Med Welt. 1951 Oct 13;20(41):1286–1288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JAGGARD RS, ZAGER LL, WILKINS DS. Clinical evaluation of analgesic drugs. A comparison of Nu-2206 and Morphine sulfate administered to postoperative patients. AMA Arch Surg. 1950 Dec;61(6):1073–1082. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JUNKERMAN CL, HEEN RC, POHLE HW. Clinical experience with a new analgesic agent. J Lancet. 1951 Jul;71(7):263–265. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEUTMANN E, FOLDES FF. The analgesic effect of dromoran hydrobromide (3-hydroxy-N-methyl morphinan hydrobromide) in postoperative pain. N Engl J Med. 1951 Feb 22;244(8):286–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEE RE, PFEIFFER CC. Influence of analgesics, dromoran, nisentil and morphine, on pain thresholds in man. J Appl Physiol. 1951 Sep;4(3):193–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MAYER W. Klinische Erfahrungen mit dem neuen synthetischen Analgetikum Citarin Bayer. Med Monatsschr. 1955 May;9(5):319–320. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PEUKERT E. Klinische Erfahrungen mit Citarin, einem neuen stark wirkenden Analgetikum. Medizinische. 1954 Sep 11;37:1251–1252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLOMKA MB, GROSS EG. An evaluation of the analgetic activity of the dromoran isomers. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1952 Nov;81(2):548–551. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH RM. Clinical experience with dromoran hydrobromide (Nu 2206) for the relief of chronic pain. South Med Surg. 1950 Aug;112(8):251–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STANGE HH. Erfahrungen in der Schmerzbekämpfung mit Dromoran in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. Med Welt. 1951 Oct 6;20(40):1250–1253. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STOELTING VK, THEYE RA, GRAF JP. The use of dromoran hydrobromide (3-hydroxy-n-methylmorphinan hydrobromide) for preoperative medication. Anesthesiology. 1951 Mar;12(2):225–229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STRAKE H. Ueber Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Analgeticum Cetarin. Med Klin. 1954 Feb 19;49(8):300–301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WEGERHOFF L. Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Analgeticum; Dromoran. Med Monatsschr. 1951 Dec;5(12):836–838. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BECKER J, BUNDSCHUH O. Klinischer Bericht über Dromoran Roche; Analgeticum Ro 1-5431. Med Klin. 1952 Apr 18;47(16):546–548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BENSON WM, STEFKO PL, RANDALL LO. Comparative pharmacology of levorphan, racemorphan and dextrorphan and related methyl ethers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Oct;109(2):189–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BOZZA M. L'N-metil-morfinano a complemento dell'anestesia N2O-O2-pentothal. Minerva Chir. 1954 Apr 15;9(7):319–327. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROTMAN M, CULLEN SC, WILKINS DS. Intravenous supplementation during nitrous oxide anesthesia: comparison of demerol, morphine and a new potent analgesic drug (15431). Anesthesiology. 1950 Sep;11(5):527–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN AK. L-Methorphinan as a supplement to nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1952 Dec 20;2(4798):1331–1333. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown R King. BIOPHYSICS. Br Med J. 1931 Nov 21;2(3698):b967–967. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
- CAVACIUTI P, ROLANDI L. Un nuovo analgesico di sintesi: l'idrossi-n-metil morfinano in anestesia. Osp Maggiore. 1954 Aug;42(8):374–379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crawford JH, Binning Rex. Methorphinan in Anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1953 Jan 31;1(4804):a272–272. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
- CREHAN A. Methorphinan as a supplementary anaesthetic medium. J Ir Med Assoc. 1954 Mar;34(201):74–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CULLEN SC, SANTOS CC. Analgesia for chronic pain without respiratory depression. AMA Arch Surg. 1954 Sep;69(3):410–414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CULLEN SC, SANTOS CC. Analgesia for postoperative pain without respiratory depression. Anesthesiology. 1955 Sep;16(5):674–677. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRANKS EH. Anaesthesia for intranasal and intra-oral operations in adults; trial of a technique based on intravenous pethidine. Br J Anaesth. 1954 Nov;26(6):418–426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAARD RC. Postoperative use of levo dromoran tartrate. J Lancet. 1955 Jul;75(7):309–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAARD RC. Preoperative use of a combination of levo-dromoran tartrate and a new narcotic antagonist. Minn Med. 1955 Sep;38(9):637–639. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GLAZEBROOK AJ. Actions and uses of methorphinan. Br Med J. 1952 Dec 20;2(4798):1328–1330. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSS EG, HAMILTON WK. Preliminary observations on the effect of levallorphan on respiratory depression and analgesia of levorphan in man. J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Jun;43(6):938–941. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAMILTON WK, CULLEN SC. Supplementation of nitrous oxide anesthesia with opiates and a new opiate antagonist. Anesthesiology. 1955 Jan;16(1):22–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HARNASCH H. Zur Frage der Schmerzbekämpfung bei Krebskranken mit Dromoran Roche. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1952 Jan 25;94(4):164–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILDEBRANDT F, MATTHAY E. Die Wirkung der starken Analgetica Polamidon, Polamidon C (Polamivet) und Dromoran auf die Darmmotilität. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1954;221(5):399–403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUNT RD, FOLDES FF. The use of levo-dromoran tartrate (levorphan tartrate) for relief of postoperative pain. N Engl J Med. 1953 May 7;248(19):803–805. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, FRASER HF. Actions and addiction liabilities of dromoran derivatives in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Apr;107(4):524–530. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEYER O, OEHMIG H. Die Wirkung der Opiatantagonisten (-)-3-Oxy-N-allyl-morphinan-tartrat (Levallorphan, Ro 1-7700) und N-allyl-normorphin am narkotisierten Menschen. Anaesthesist. 1956 Feb;5(1):4–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- QUAGLIA C, FRANCO LG. Il 1-idrossi-N-metilmorfinano, analgesico di sintesi, nei dolori da processi neoplastici. Gazz Med Ital. 1954 Oct;113(10):297–301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RADNAY AP. Nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia supplemented by levo-dromoran tartrate and lorfan T.M. tartrate. J Int Coll Surg. 1956 Aug;26(2):155–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RANDALL LO, LEHMANN G. Analgesic action of 3-hydroxy-N-methyl morphinan hydrobromide (dromoran). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Jun;99(2):163–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLOMKA MB, GROSS EG. An evaluation of the analgetic activity of the dromoran isomers. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1952 Nov;81(2):548–551. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLOMKA MB, SLEETH CK. Analgetic activity of optical isomers of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan and 6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Dec;84(3):532–534. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THOMAS DV, TENNEY SM. The effect of levorphan and levallorphan on the respiratory mechanism of normal man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Mar;113(3):250–255. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BICKERMAN HA, GERMAN E, COHEN BM, ITKIN SE. The cough response of healthy human subjects stimulated by citric acid aerosol. II. Evaluation of antitussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Aug;234(2):191–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASS LJ, FREDERIK WS. Evaluation of a new antitussive agent. N Engl J Med. 1953 Jul 23;249(4):132–136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASS LJ, FREDERIK WS. Quantitative comparison of cough-suppressing effects of romilar and other antitussives. J Lab Clin Med. 1956 Dec;48(6):879–885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASS LJ, FREDERIK WS, ANDOSCA JB. Quantitative comparison of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and codeine. Am J Med Sci. 1954 Mar;227(3):291–296. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRAVENSTEIN JS, DEVLOO RA, BEECHER HK. Effect of antitussive agents on experimental and pathological cough in man. J Appl Physiol. 1954 Sep;7(2):119–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOTTINGER A. Klinische Erfahrungen mit Romilar einem neuen, synthetischen Hustenmittel. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1954 Dec 4;84(49):1372–1374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, FRASER HF. Actions and addiction liabilities of dromoran derivatives in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Apr;107(4):524–530. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KUMMER A. Praktische Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Hustenmittel Romilar Roche. Praxis. 1955 Feb 10;44(6):132–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RALPH N. Evaluation of a new cough suppressant. Am J Med Sci. 1954 Mar;227(3):297–303. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TUNNERHOFF FK, SCHWABE HK. Untersuchungen zur Frage der Verwendbarkeit Synthetischer Methoxy-Methyl-Morphinane; Beitrag zur Therapie der verschiedenen Hustenformen bei Lungentuberkulose. Klin Wochenschr. 1955 Jun 15;33(23-24):576–580. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BAUER RO, PEARSON RG. The effects of morphine-nalorphine mixtures on psychomotor performance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Jul;117(3):258–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BEAL JM, SCHAPIRO H. Effect of N-allylnormorphine on gastrointestinal motility. Surgery. 1953 Jan;33(1):65–70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BICKERMAN HA, BARACH AL. The experimental production of cough in human subjects induced by citric acid aerosols; preliminary studies on the evaluation of antitussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1954 Aug;228(2):156–163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CAPPE BE, HIMEL SZ, GROSSMAN F. The use of a mixture of morphine and n-allylnormorphine as an analgesic. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1953 Dec;66(6):1231–1234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DENTON JE, BEECHER HK. New analgesics. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Dec 17;141(16):1146–1146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRASER HF, VAN HORN CD, ISBELL H. Studies on N-allylnormorphine in man: antagonism to morphine and heroin and effects of mixtures of N-allylnormorphine and morphine. Am J Med Sci. 1956 Jan;231(1):1–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUGGINS RA, MOYER JH. Some effects of N-allylnormorphine on normal subjects and a review of the literature. Anesthesiology. 1955 Jan;16(1):82–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H. The search for a nonaddicting analgesic. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jul 28;161(13):1254–1254. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, TELFORD J. Nalorphine, a potent analgesic in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Jun;117(2):190–196. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LASAGNA L. Nalorphine (n-allylnormorphine); practical and theoretical considerations. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1954 Oct;94(4):532–558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LASAGNA L, BEECHER HK. The analgesic effectiveness of nalorphine and nalorphine-morphine combinations in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1954 Nov;112(3):356–363. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TENNEY SM, MITHOEFER JC. The respiratory depressant action of n-allylnormorphine in the normal subject and in patients with respiratory acidosis secondary to pulmonary emphysema. N Engl J Med. 1953 Nov 26;249(22):886–890. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAN LIERE EJ, NORTHUP DW. Effect of nalorphine on gastric emptying in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Apr;91(4):619–620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WIKLER A. Clinical and electroencephalographic studies on the effects of mescaline, N-allylnormorphine and morphine in man; a pharmacologic analysis of the functions of the spontaneous electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1954 Sep-Oct;120(3-4):157–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WIKLER A. Rationale of the diagnosis and treatment of addictions. Conn State Med J. 1955 Jul;19(7):560–568. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WIKLER A, FRASER HF, ISBELL H. N-Allylnormorphine: effects of single doses and precipitation of acute abstinence syndromes during addiction to morphine; methadone or heroin in man (post addicts). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Sep;109(1):8–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WOODS LA. The pharmacology of nalorphine (N-allylnormorphine). Pharmacol Rev. 1956 Jun;8(2):175–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLANK P, BOAS H. Improved analgesia for moderate pain. Ann West Med Surg. 1952 Jun;6(6):376–380. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PIPER CE, NICKLAS FW. Percodan for pain in industrial practice. Ind Med Surg. 1954 Nov;23(11):510–512. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BIERMAN HR, COBLENTZ A. The analgesic properties of numorphan (14-hydroxy dihydromorphinone), a new synthetic narcotic. N Engl J Med. 1956 Oct 11;255(15):694–698. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ARMAND MF. Analgésie par le démérol a la Maternité de Chancerelles. Gaz Med Fr. 1952 Oct;59(19):115–118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AULD W. Pethidine, curare, nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia. 1952 Jul;7(3):161–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AUSHERMAN HM, NOWILL WK, STEPHEN CR. Controlled analgesia with continuous drip meperidine analysis of one thousand cases. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jan 21;160(3):175–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BACHRACH EH, GODHOLM AN, BETCHER AM. Clinical observations on the use of alphaprodine (nisentil) for postoperative analgesia. Surgery. 1955 Mar;37(3):440–445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BARCLAY S. Pethidine as an adjunct in local anaesthesia; a clinical note. N Z Med J. 1952 Apr;51(282):115–117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BARNES J. Pethidine in labour; results in 500 cases. Br Med J. 1947 Apr 5;1(4500):437–442. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLAZEBY RH. The position of pethidine in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1951 Jul;6(3):168–171. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROTMAN M, CULLEN SC. Supplementation with demerol during nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1949 Nov;10(6):696–705. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROTMAN M, CULLEN SC, WILKINS DS. Intravenous supplementation during nitrous oxide anesthesia: comparison of demerol, morphine and a new potent analgesic drug (15431). Anesthesiology. 1950 Sep;11(5):527–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN JM, VOLPITTO PP. Effects of various amnesic regimens on the human maternal and fetal blood gases during parturition. Anesthesiology. 1950 Nov;11(6):651–660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN JM, VOLPITTO PP, TORPIN R. Intravenous demerol-scopolamine amnesia during labor. Anesthesiology. 1949 Jan;10(1):15–24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN WE, HODGES RE, BRADBURY JT. A study of antidiuretic effect of the depressant drugs used in eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1950 Jul;60(1):1–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUSCHKENS JP. Pethidine als hoestwerend middel tijdens intratracheale narcose. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1953 Feb 7;97(6):331–335. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUTLER EB. A case of hypersensitivity to pethidine in a woman in labour. Br Med J. 1951 Sep 22;2(4733):715–716. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CAMERON SJ. Pethidine. Br Med J. 1947 Apr 26;1(4503):579–579. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHAPMAN WP, ROWLANDS EN, JONES CM. Multiple-balloon kymographic recording of the comparative action of demerol, morphine and placebos on the motility of the upper small intestine in man. N Engl J Med. 1950 Aug 3;243(5):171–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHASE SOSA V. La analgesia y anestesia en obstetricia. Prensa Med Argent. 1953 Feb 6;40(6):327–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CIMOCH PJ, WIRTS CW. Meperidine hydrochloride used intravenously before gastroscopy; preliminary report. J Am Med Assoc. 1953 Nov 14;153(11):1004–1006. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COLLADOS STORNI MP. Anestesia con petidina endovenosa para amigdalectomias; comunicación previa. Rev Fac Cienc Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 1953 May-Dec;11(3-6):627–631. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COWDEN AM. Intravenous demerol and scopolamine in the management of labor. J Med Assoc State Ala. 1951 Sep;21(3):53–55. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cripps JA, Hall B, Haultain WF. Analgesia in Labour. Br Med J. 1944 Oct 14;2(4371):498–500. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CYRAN W. Erfahrungen mit der intravenösen Dolantin-Evipannarkose. Arztl Wochensch. 1952 Oct 31;7(44):1036–1038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAURI A, PAOLETTI G. Il dolantin, analgesico di mantenimento in anestesia generale. Minerva Chir. 1952 Jun 15;7(11):438–446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS MM, TUPPER WRC. Heroin, demerol, and hyoscine in labour. Can Med Assoc J. 1949 Feb;60(2):113–119. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THORLAKSON PHT. Injuries to the bile ducts; their prevention and repair. Can Med Assoc J. 1949 Feb;60(2):119–125. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DENEAU GA, WAUD RA, GOWDEY CW. A method for the determination of the effects of drugs on the pain threshold of human subjects. Can J Med Sci. 1953 Oct;31(5):387–393. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DIVIS J, KVETON J. Nase zkusenosti s dolsinem za porodu. Cesk Gynekol. 1952;17(9-10):493–499. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DOANE JC. Meperidene hydrochloride (iso nipecaine, demerol). J Albert Einstein Med Cent (Phila) 1953 May;1(3):106–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEGHALI A. La neuroplégie dans l'accès pernicieux de paludisme du nourrisson au Liban; notre technique concernant l'emploi du cocktail lytique combiné et spécialement du dolosal en pédiatrie. Presse Med. 1954 Dec 25;62(86):1835–1835. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FINER BL, PARTINGTON MW. Pethidine and the triple response. Br Med J. 1953 Feb 21;1(4807):431–433. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FIST HS. An evaluation of obstetrical analgesia. Calif Med. 1954 Feb;80(2):91–94. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FLIPSE ME, FLIPSE MJ. Hyperpyrexia due to demerol. South Med J. 1949 May;42(5):395–401. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FORTI D. Procaina e dolantinici per via endovenosa in anestesia ed analgesia postoperatoria. Minerva Anestesiol. 1953 Aug;19(8):216–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FRANKS EH. Anaesthesia for intranasal and intra-oral operations in adults; trial of a technique based on intravenous pethidine. Br J Anaesth. 1954 Nov;26(6):418–426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA. Quantitative determination of the visceral pain threshold in man; characteristics of visceral pain, effect of inflammation and analgesics on the threshold, and relationship of analgesia to visceral spasm. J Clin Invest. 1951 Apr;30(4):406–420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA, McGOWAN JM. Biliary and small intestinal spasm due to synthetic analgesics methadone and methyldihydromorphinone (metopon). Gastroenterology. 1950 Oct;16(2):484–489. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAENSLER EA, MCGOWAN JM. Activity of some newer spasmolytic agents on the biliary tract of man; a comparative study of isopropyl-norepinephrine, adiphenine hydrochloride, methylamino-iso-octene and khellin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1950 Jul;99(3):304–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gallen B, Prescott F. Pethidine as an Obstetric Analgesic. Br Med J. 1944 Feb 5;1(4335):176–179. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAMMELTOFT A, JOHANSEN SH, RUBEN H. Pethidin ved endoskopi gennem pharynx en ny analgesimetode for oesofagoskopi og gastroskopi. Ugeskr Laeger. 1951 Apr 27;113(17):525–529. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAMMELTOFT A, JOHANSEN SH, RUBEN H. Pethidin ved cystoskopi; erfaringer med pethidin intravenøst ved endoskopi af urethra og blaere hos maend. Ugeskr Laeger. 1953 Sep 24;115(39):1448–1449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WINTERS HS, GARCIA CR, LUBIN S. Intravenous demerol in the second stage of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1951 Mar;61(3):629–634. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GARCIA CR, WALTMAN R, LUBIN S. Continuous intravenous infusion of demerol in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1953 Aug;66(2):312–318. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOLDBLAT A, CHEVALIER C, LEROY S. L'anesthésie potentialisée par inhibition neuro-végétative. Acta Anaesthesiol. 1952 Jul;3(1):27–37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRANT AP, MCNEILLY JW. Treatment of tetanus with intravenous thiopentone and pethidine. Ir J Med Sci. 1953 May;(329):212–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRIFFITHS G. Tuberculin in diagnosis and treatment. Med J Aust. 1950 Nov 18;2(21):760–763. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GUTNER LB, GOULD WJ, BATTERMAN RC. The effects of potent analgesics upon vestibular function. J Clin Invest. 1952 Mar;31(3):259–266. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAMILTON WK, CULLEN SC. Effect of levallorphan tartrate upon opiate induced respiratory depression. Anesthesiology. 1953 Nov;14(6):550–554. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAMILTON WK, CULLEN SC. Supplementation of nitrous oxide anesthesia with opiates and a new opiate antagonist. Anesthesiology. 1955 Jan;16(1):22–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HARER WB. Chlorpromazine in normal labor. Obstet Gynecol. 1956 Jul;8(1):1–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAXHOLDT BF. Kvaelstofforilitepethidin anaesthesi med flaxedil til afslappelse. Ugeskr Laeger. 1951 Apr 27;113(17):513–520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HELBING W, DIEGRITZ H. Geburtserleichterung durch Dolantin. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1952;74(13):491–498. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HERINGTON G, JAMES E. Continuous succinylcholine chloride with pethidine in abdominal surgery. Br Med J. 1953 Aug 8;2(4831):317–320. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HERSCHFUS JA, SALOMON A, SEGAL MS. The use of demerol in patients with bronchial asthma. Ann Intern Med. 1954 Mar;40(3):506–515. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hori CG, Gold S. Demerol in Surgery and Obstetrics. Can Med Assoc J. 1944 Dec;51(6):509–517. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOVE H. Morphinforgiftning efter terapeutiske morphindoser. Ugeskr Laeger. 1951 Sep 20;113(38):1312–1313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUGHES JG, HILL FS, GREEN CR, DAVIS BC. Electroencephalography of the newborn. V. Brain potentials of babies born of mothers given meperidine hydrochloride (demerol hydrochloride), vinbarbital sodium (delvinal sodium) or morphine. Am J Dis Child. 1950 Jun;79(6):998–1007. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- INGELBRECHT P. L'analgésie en obstétrique. Scalpel (Brux) 1951 Mar 3;104(9):244–247. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, WHITE WM. Clinical characteristics of addictions. Am J Med. 1953 May;14(5):558–565. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JOHNSON PD. Pethidine as a adjuvant to nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1951 Sep 22;2(4733):705–707. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JOHNSTONE M. Pethidine and general anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1951 Oct 20;2(4737):943–946. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KAYE BB. Burns; an outline for treatment. Am J Surg. 1956 Jul;92(1):123–138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEWITZ H, REMMER H, ENGELHARDT H. Die Wirkung von Morphin, Dolantin und Polamidon auf den Dünndarm des Menschen. Klin Wochenschr. 1951 Sep 1;29(33-34):570–571. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KING BD, ELDER JD, Jr, DRIPPS RD. The effect of the intravenous administration of meperidine upon the circulation of man and upon the circulatory response to tilt. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1952 May;94(5):591–597. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KORNETSKY C, HUMPHRIES O, EVARTS EV. Comparison of psychological effects of certain centrally acting drugs in man. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1957 Mar;77(3):318–324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KUNZ T. Die Dolantin-Evipan-Lachgasnarkose mit My 301 als Muskelrelaxans. Medizinische. 1953 Nov 28;48:1555–1556. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LACOMME M, LABORIT H, LE LORIER G, POMMIER M. Note sur un essai d'analgésie obstétricale potentialisée par association de dolosal et de 45--60 R. P. en perfusion intra-veineuse; étude de 175 cas. Bull Fed Soc Gynecol Obstet Lang Fr. 1952;4(3):558–562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LASAGNA L, BEECHER HK. The analgesic effectiveness of codeine and meperidine (demerol). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1954 Nov;112(3):306–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LITTLE DM, Jr, TOVELL RM. The role of analgesia and anesthesia in the production of asphyxia neonatorum. J Indiana State Med Assoc. 1949 Mar;42(3):201–210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOUROS NC. Schmerzlose und beschleunigte Geburtsführung; 10 000 Beobachtungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1955 Feb 11;80(6):217–219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUBIT EC. Use of demerol hydrochloride in dentistry. Dent Items Interest. 1949 Aug;71(8):814–817. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUND CJ. Choices of analgesics during the first stage of labor. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Apr 14;145(15):1114–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McDERMOTT TF, PAPPER EM. Respiratory complications associated with demerol. N Y State J Med. 1950 Jul 15;50(14):1721–1726. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MANSON WW. Demerol, scopolamine, and caudal analgesia. U S Armed Forces Med J. 1950 Dec;1(12):1437–1445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARION D, GAGNON JN. Analgésie et anesthésie en obstétrique. Union Med Can. 1951 Jul;80(7):826–831. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maximov A. DEMEROL ANALGESIA IN OBSTETRICS. Calif Med. 1946 Aug;65(2):43–47. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MERGER R, MELCHIOR J. L'analgésie obstétricale par l'association médicamenteuse: nembutal-dolosal-trilene. Bull Fed Soc Gynecol Obstet Lang Fr. 1953;5(3):301–304. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEYER O, OEHMIG H. Die Wirkung der Opiatantagonisten (-)-3-Oxy-N-allyl-morphinan-tartrat (Levallorphan, Ro 1-7700) und N-allyl-normorphin am narkotisierten Menschen. Anaesthesist. 1956 Feb;5(1):4–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MOREL-FATIO D. A propos de 200 cas d'anesthésie de base (diparcol-dolosal) + locale en chirurgie réparatrice. Anesth Anal. 1955 Apr;12(2):348–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MURPHY M. Intravenous pethidine. Ir J Med Sci. 1951 Nov;(311):535–540. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW. Analgesics as supplements during anaesthesia. Proc R Soc Med. 1951 Oct;44(10):840–844. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW, RENDELL-BAKER L. Pethidine as a supplement to nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1949 Aug 27;2(4625):472–472. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW, RENDELL-BAKER L. Intravenous pethidine and flaxedil in anaesthesia for thoracic operations. Br J Anaesth. 1950 Oct;22(4):235–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NARCIA RUIZ A. Analgesia, anesthesia and amnesia in obstetrics. J Int Coll Surg. 1950 Nov;14(5):588–595. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NATHAN PW. Newer synthetic analgesic drugs. Br Med J. 1952 Oct 25;2(4790):903–908. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NEPOLA SR. Clinical experience with demerol comedication in dental local anesthesia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1951 Apr;4(4):456–462. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'REILLY PJ. Pethidine in obstetrics; review of 153 cases. Lancet. 1948 Dec 25;2(6539):1012–1012. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ORKIN LR, EGGE RK, ROVENSTINE EA. Effect of nisentil, meperidine and morphine on respiration in man. Anesthesiology. 1955 Sep;16(5):699–707. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PASSMORE GG, SANTA CRUZ EW. The use of intravenous and intramuscular injections of demerol and scopolamine in labor and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1954 Oct;68(4):998–1008. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PATERSON SJ, PRESCOTT F. Nalorphine in the prevention of neonatal asphyxia due to maternal sedation with pethidine. Lancet. 1954 Mar 6;266(6810):490–493. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PATTERSON RL. Obstetric amnesia and analgesia. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1950 Sep-Oct;29(5):293–295. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PEARCE C. Intravenous pethidine in anaesthesia; a report on 330 cases. Br J Anaesth. 1951 Oct;23(4):205–213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRESCOTT F, RANSOM SG, et al. Effect of analgesics on respiratory response to carbon dioxide in man. Lancet. 1949 Feb 26;1(6548):340–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRESTON FS. Anaesthesia for mitral valvotomy. Br J Anaesth. 1953 Oct;25(4):299–314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PRYOR WJ. Pethidine in anesthesia. N Z Med J. 1953 Oct;52(291):398–400. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RANDALL HS, BELTON MK, LEIGH MD. Continuous infusion of demerol during anaesthesia. Can Med Assoc J. 1952 Oct;67(4):311–313. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RASOR RW, CRECRAFT HJ. Addiction to meperidine (demerol) hydrochloride. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Feb 19;157(8):654–657. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REEKIE RD. Analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics. Northwest Med. 1953 Jun;52(6):453–457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REMLER O. Eine kombinierte intravenöse Tropfnarkose in der Augenheilkunde. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd Augenarztl Fortbild. 1953;122(1):63–67. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REMY D. Uber den Einfluss des Polamidon (Höchst 10820) auf die Ventilationssteigerung nach CO2-Atmung. Klin Wochenschr. 1950 May 1;28(17/18):318–319. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RIZZI R. L'1-metil-4-fenil-piperidin-4-etil-acido carbonico quale coadiuvante della narcosi. Minerva Anestesiol. 1953 Mar;19(3):63–65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROBERTS H. Pethidine and scopolamine in labour. Br Med J. 1948 Sep 25;2(4577):590–593. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KANE KM, PERCIVAL N, PLEASE NW, ROBERTS H, SNOW P. Effects of some analgesic drugs used in childbirth; with special reference to variation in respiratory minute volume of the newborn. Lancet. 1957 Jan 19;272(6960):128–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BODMAN RI. The depression of respiration by the opiates and its antagonism by nalorphine. Proc R Soc Med. 1953 Nov;46(11):923–930. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROMANOFF A. Demerol habituation in bronchial asthma; with report of a case. Ann Allergy. 1951 Jan-Feb;9(1):95–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSENFELD SS, LAPAN B, WEINSTEIN MS. Continuous intravenous drip of meperidine and scopolamine for relief of pains of labor. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1952 Aug;28(8):545–545. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSENFELD SS, LAPAN B, KURZNER M, WEINSTEIN MS. The relief of the pains of labor by the continuous intravenous drip of meperidine and scopolamine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1954 May;67(5):1067–1073. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RUBEN H, ANDREASSEN AK. Pethidinlystgas anaestesi uden barbituratsupplement. Nord Med. 1951 Mar 28;45(13):464–466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RUBEN H, GAMMELTOFT A. Intravenous pethidine for oesophagoscopy and gastroscopy. Anaesthesia. 1953 Jul;8(3):194–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RYPDAL A. Pethidin ved oesophagoskopi og bronchoskopi. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1953 Nov 1;73(21):809–812. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SANCHEZ HERNANDEZ JA. Invernación artificial, analgesia y anestesia obstétricos. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1954 Nov-Dec;9(6):422–434. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHAUMANN O. Vom Schmerz und seiner Bekämpfung. Klin Med Osterr Z Wiss Prakt Med. 1949 Sep 1;4(15):609–616. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SEARLES PW. The effect of analgesics and anesthetics on fetal mortality. Ill Med J. 1954 May;105(5):243–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SENEQUE J, HUGUENARD P. Gangrène des doigts après injection para-veineuse de piridosal-diéthazine. Anesth Anal. 1953 Dec;10(4):627–631. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHACKMAN R, WOOD-SMITH FG, GRABER IG, MELROSE DG, LYNN RB. The lytic cocktail observations on surgical patients. Lancet. 1954 Sep 25;267(6839):617–620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIKER ES, FOLDES FF, PAHK NM, SWERDLOW M. Nisentil (1,3,dimethyl-4-phenyl-4 propionoxy piperidine): a new supplement for nitrous oxide-oxygen, thiopentone (pentothal sodium) anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1954 Nov;26(6):405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLAVIN MI. Demerol premedication in the ambulatory patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1950 Sep;3(9):1159–1167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spitzer W. Obstetric Analgesia with Pethidine. Br Med J. 1944 Feb 5;1(4335):179–181. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEPHEN CR, NOWILL WK, MARTIN RC. Evaluation of methods of pain relief during labor and delivery, with reference to mother and child. N C Med J. 1952 Nov;13(11):616–620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEVENSON CS. Obstetric analgesia and anesthesia; current problems. J Mich State Med Soc. 1954 Aug;53(8):857–861. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STROUD MW, 3rd, LAMBERTSEN CJ, EWING JH, KOUGH RH, GOULD RA, SCHMIDT CF. The effects of aminophylline and meperidine alone and in combination on the respiratory response to carbon dioxide inhalation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Aug;114(4):461–469. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M. Respiratory effects of anaesthetics; the effects of thiopentone, nisentil and levallorphan on the respiration. Anaesthesia. 1957 Jan;12(1):42–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SZIRMAI E. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Blutgerinnung und der schmerzstillenden Wirkung des Dolantins. Pharmazie. 1955 Jan;10(1):14–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SZIRMAI E, SILLO G. Role of dolantin in cervical dilatation and anaesthesia during intrauterine intervention. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn. 1955;44(2):108–115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TAINTER ML, BUCHANAN OH. A comparison of certain actions of demerol and methadone. Calif Med. 1949 Jan;70(1):35–43. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TAYLOR ES, VON FUMETTI HH, ESSIG LL, GOODMAN SN, WALKER LC. The effects of demerol and trichlorethylene on arterial oxygen saturation in the newborn. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955 Feb;69(2):348–351. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THIGPEN FB, THIGPEN CH, CLECKLEY HM. Use of electric-convulsive therapy in morphine, meperidine, and related alkaloid addictions. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1953 Oct;70(4):452–458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- UNGER L, UNGER AH. Treatment of bronchial asthma. J Am Med Assoc. 1952 Oct 11;150(6):562–569. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAN DYKE HB. New analgesic drugs. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1949 Mar;25(3):152–175. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Venters Margaret. Heroin and Pethidine during Labour. Br Med J. 1944 Mar 04;1(4339):b339–339. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
- VERNE D. A simplified method of thiopental anesthesia combined with intravenous meperidine. J Oral Surg (Chic) 1952 Apr;10(2):152–155. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VOORHEES WD, Jr, BROWNE-MAYERS AN. Clinical and electroencephalographic studies of demerol addiction. N Y State J Med. 1954 Jul 1;54(13):1935–1937. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WEISS WA, MCGEE JP, Jr, BRANFORD JO, HANKS EC. Value of chlorpromazine in preoperative medication. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jun 30;161(9):812–815. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WIDDOWSON HR, AQUINO TD, VIRTUE RW. Recovery time following demerol or pentothal supplementation of nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1955 Sep;16(5):747–750. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILKINS DS, CULLEN SC, BROTMAN M. Intravenous supplementation during nitrous oxide anesthesia: application of multiple covariant analysis to the comparison of demerol, morphine and a new potent analgesic drug (15431). Anesthesiology. 1951 Mar;12(2):145–163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSON A, CROCKETT GS, EXTONSMITH AN, STEINBERG H. Clinical evaluation of effects of drugs on medical students as a teaching method. Br Med J. 1950 Aug 26;2(4677):484–488. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSON WM, HUNTER RB. C.B.11, a new analgesic drug; preliminary communication. Br Med J. 1948 Sep 18;2(4576):553–553. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WOLFERS P. Intravenous pethidine in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1953 Jul;25(3):244–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WYLIE WD. Some aspects of anesthesia for neurosurgery, with special reference to pethidine hydrochloride. G Ital Anestesiol. 1951 Jul-Oct;17(3-4):305–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZUCK D. A case of pethidine sensitivity. Br Med J. 1951 Jan 20;1(4698):125–125. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ASHMORE AJ, MOON OB. Use of nisentil hydrochloride in urology. Tex State J Med. 1955 Jul;51(7):463–465. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AUERBACH J, COAKLEY CS. The effect of nisentil (alphaprodine) hydrochloride and lorfan (levallorphan) tartrate on respiration. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1956 Sep-Oct;35(5):460–467. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BACHRACH EH, GODHOLM AN, BETCHER AM. Clinical observations on the use of alphaprodine (nisentil) for postoperative analgesia. Surgery. 1955 Mar;37(3):440–445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BELINKOFF S. Preoperative sedation with nisentil. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1955 Mar-Apr;34(2):116–118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BITTE EM, DUNN JK, HALE DE. Nisentil hydrochloride analgesia and pentothal sodium amnesia in dental surgery. Cleve Clin Q. 1956 Oct;23(4):265–268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN WE, HODGES RE, BRADBURY JT. A study of antidiuretic effect of the depressant drugs used in eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1950 Jul;60(1):1–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DROUIN G. L'analgésie obstétricale par le nisentil. Laval Med. 1954 Nov;19(9):1175–1185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ECKENHOFF JE, FUNDERBURG LW. Observations on the use of the opiate antagonists nalorphine and levallorphan. Am J Med Sci. 1954 Nov;228(5):546–553. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EKELMAN SB, REYNOLDS SR. Effect of the analgesic nisentil on uterine contractions considered by parity, stage of labor, and status of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1955 Dec;6(6):644–651. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EMICH JP., Jr Nisentil; an obstetric analgesic. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955 Jan;69(1):124–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FERRON M. Nisentil; analgésique obstétrical. Union Med Can. 1955 Apr;84(4):431–433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOLDES FF. Narcotic-induced controllable apnea. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Jan;233(1):1–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOLDES FF, KOUKAL LR, ZEEDICK FJ. The effects of narcotic analgetics and narcotic antagonists on respiration. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Feb;233(2):153–161. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOLDES FF, LIPSCHITZ E, WEBER GM, SWERDLOW M, PIRK LA. Levallorphan (lorfan) and alphaprodine (nisentil) in anesthesia, study of effects in supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen-thiopental (pentothal) sodium anesthesia. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jan 21;160(3):168–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GARNES HA. Analgesic effect of nisentil in urological procedures. J Urol. 1955 Oct;74(4):567–569. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GARNES HA. Improved analgesia with nisentil and levallorphan in urological procedures. J Urol. 1956 Aug;76(2):204–205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GIERSON HW, GOTTLIEB LS, RUBIN HJ. Nisentil as an analgesic in bronchoscopy. Dis Chest. 1955 Jan;27(1):65–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOTTSCHALK C, ORKIN LR, ROVENSTINE EA. Nisentil: a preliminary screening study of its clinical applicability. N Y State J Med. 1955 Jan 1;55(1):90–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HALLE J, DECHENE JP, MONTMINY L, PARADIS G. Le nisentil en bronchoscopie. Laval Med. 1955 Jan;20(1):52–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAPKE FB, BARNES AC. The obstetric use and effect of fetal respiration of nisentil. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1949 Oct;58(4):799–801. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUGHES HJ, PHILPOTT NW. Evaluation of nisentil as an analgesic agent in labour. Can Med Assoc J. 1954 Jul;71(1):6–8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H. The addiction liability of some derivatives of meperidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1949 Oct;97(2):182–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KANE WM. The results of nisentil in 1,000 obstetrical cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1953 May;65(5):1020–1026. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSS EG, KEASLING HH. The effect of analgesics on radiant heat thresholds in man. Anesthesiology. 1956 Nov-Dec;17(6):809–814. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEPES ER, MARGOLIUS BR. The effect of nisentil hydrochloride and lorfan tartrate on respiration during nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia. Am J Surg. 1956 May;91(5):761–769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KING AG. Perinatal hypoxia caused by obstetrical analgesia and its avoidance by the use of prodine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1956 May;71(5):1001–1006. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAGARDE LA, ORTIZ DE LA PENA R, BRAVO SERRADELL O. Tres drogas auxiliares en obstetricia. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1955 Mar-Apr;10(2):140–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LANCASTER FM, LEVIN J. Continuous nisentil and suxamethonium in anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1956 Feb 18;1(4963):381–383. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEE RE, PFEIFFER CC. Influence of analgesics, dromoran, nisentil and morphine, on pain thresholds in man. J Appl Physiol. 1951 Sep;4(3):193–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LIPSON HI, BRADFORD HR. Alphaprodine (nisentil) hydrochloride in anesthesia; its use, with or without antagonists, for supplementation or as sole agent. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Apr 6;163(14):1244–1248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUND CJ. Choices of analgesics during the first stage of labor. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Apr 14;145(15):1114–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCREA LE, POST E. Use of Nisentil hydrochloride as an analgesic agent during cystoscopic procedures. J Int Coll Surg. 1954 Apr;21(4 1):480–483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MACK FX. Nisentil in the postoperative period. J Maine Med Assoc. 1956 Apr;47(4):108–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MAZZIA VD, VAN POZNAK A, ARTUSIO JF., Jr Cortical effect of alphaprodine and of chlorpromazine during thiopental narcosis. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 May 18;164(3):270–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ORKIN LR, EGGE RK, ROVENSTINE EA. Effect of nisentil, meperidine and morphine on respiration in man. Anesthesiology. 1955 Sep;16(5):699–707. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POWELL PO, Jr, SAVAGE JE. Nisentil in obstetrics. Obstet Gynecol. 1953 Dec;2(6):658–660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIKER ES, FOLDES FF, PAHK NM, SWERDLOW M. Nisentil (1,3,dimethyl-4-phenyl-4 propionoxy piperidine): a new supplement for nitrous oxide-oxygen, thiopentone (pentothal sodium) anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1954 Nov;26(6):405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SLAUGHTER D. Studies on synthetic analgesics in humans. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1950 Jan-Feb;29(1):34–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH EJ, NAGYFY SF. A report on comparative studies on newer drugs used for obstetrical analgesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1949 Oct;58(4):695–702. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M. Respiratory effects of anaesthetics; the effects of thiopentone, nisentil and levallorphan on the respiration. Anaesthesia. 1957 Jan;12(1):42–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M. The respiratory effects of pethidine and levallorphan. Anaesthesia. 1957 Apr;12(2):174–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M, FOLDES FF, SIKER ES. The effects of nisentil HCl (alpha-prodine HCl) and levallorphan tartrate on respiration. Am J Med Sci. 1955 Sep;230(3):237–250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWERDLOW M, FOLDES FF, SIKER ES. The effects of nisentil hydrochloride and levallorphan tartrate on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Br J Anaesth. 1955 May;27(5):244–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TAYLOR AG, YOUNG A, HANSON T. Nisentil as an obstetric analgesic. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1953 Nov;8(11):363–365. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TRIFILIO AA, HUDSON PB. A clinical study of 100 cases in which nisentil hydrochloride was used for analgesia to facilitate cystoscopy and other urological procedures. J Urol. 1955 Aug;74(2):246–251. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WALTERS TH, MAYER HD, JOHNSON CL. Nisentil: its effect on attitude of patients undergoing surgery. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1956 Jul-Aug;35(4):369–374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WEINER E. Nisentil; a new basal analgesic for oral surgery. Int J Anesth. 1955 Jun;2(4):245–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARCUS PS, MEGIRIAN R, WHITE CW., Jr RO-1-7780, a potent antagonist of alphaprodine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Jul;92(3):512–515. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- YOW RM, MATHIAS JE, BUNTS RC. Use of nisentil in urology: a clinical evaluation. J Urol. 1955 Oct;74(4):570–572. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRAENDEN OJ, EDDY NB, HALBACH H. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between chemical structure and analgesic action. Bull World Health Organ. 1955;13(6):937–998. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ORAHOVATS PD, LEHMAN EG, CHAPIN EW. Pharmacology of ethyl-1-(4-aminophenethyl)-4-phenylisonipecotate, anileridine, a new potent synthetic analgesic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1957 Jan;119(1):26–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ALTSCHUL S, WIKLER A. Electroencephalogram during a cycle of addiction to keto-bemidone hydrochloride. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1951 May;3(2):149–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BERNSTEIN A. Klinische Erfahrungen mit Cliradon, einem neuen synthetischen Analgeticum. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1949 Dec 3;79(48):1159–1162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLANKE K. Ergebnisse der klinischen Erprobung des neuen Analgeticums Cliradon. Med Klin. 1950 Sep 15;45(37):1171–1174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CARRIERE B. Klinische Beiträge zur Cliradonsucht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entziehungspsychosen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1953 Jun 12;78(24):875–877. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CRIMENI R. Osservazioni cliniche sull' azione pre-anestetica del cliradon. Gazz Med Ital. 1953 Aug;112(8):203–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FERRERO F. Esperienze cliniche sul cliradon nella medicazione preanestetica. G Ital Anestesiol. 1951 Jul-Oct;17(3-4):268–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GERCHOW J. Uber eine primäre Cliradonsucht. Dtsch Z Gesamte Gerichtl Med. 1954;43(3):242–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSS F, MEIER R. 1-Methyl-4-m-oxyphenylpiperidin-4-äthylketon (Cliradon), ein neues synthetisches Analgeticum mit morphinähnlicher Wirkung. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1949 Dec 3;79(48):1154–1159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAMBURGER W. Beobacthungen über das Auftreten von Cliradonsucht. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1952 May 2;94(18):939–940. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOILUND-CARLSEN, PETERSEN PV. Ketogan, et nyt analgeticum og spasmolyticum. Ugeskr Laeger. 1952 Jul 10;114(28):913–916. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H. The addiction liability of some derivatives of meperidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1949 Oct;97(2):182–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KASTRANEK F. Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Analgetikum in der Chirurgie. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1950 Jun 3;100(21-22):394–394. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KIRCHHOFF J, ANDERSEN EW. Ketoga som middel ved praemedikation; en forelobig meddelelse. Ugeskr Laeger. 1952 Jul 10;114(28):916–917. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LIESSEM H. Chirurgische Erfahrungen mit dem neuen synthetischen Analgetikum Cliradon. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Mar 23;93(12):604–606. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LINDER F, VOLLMAR J. Klinische Erfahrungen mit dem synthetischen Analgeticum Cliradon (Ciba 7115) mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen über seine Wirkung auf Atmung, Kreislauf und Wärmehaushalt. Klin Wochenschr. 1950 Oct 15;28(39-40):675–681. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LORENZINI L. Il cliradon [cloridrato dell'1-metil-4-(m. ossi-fenil)-piperidin-4-etilchetone] nella preparazione all'anestesia. G Ital Anestesiol. 1950 Jul-Sep;16(3):484–490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARTINETTO G. Sull'impiego di un analgesico di sintesi nella premedicazione anestetica; possibilità della somministrazione endovenosa e della associazione antistaminica. Minerva Anestesiol. 1955 Apr;21(4):86–91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW. Analgesics as supplements during anaesthesia. Proc R Soc Med. 1951 Oct;44(10):840–844. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NEFF W, MAYER ED, THOMPSON R. Nitrous oxide anaesthesia without hypoxia. Br Med J. 1950 Jun 17;1(4667):1400–1404. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PEREGALLI PF. Ricerche cliniche su un nuovo preparato analgesico di sintesi (prep. 7115-Cliradon Ciba). Minerva Chir. 1952 Apr 15;7(7):248–250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PELTOLA P. Kokemuksia cliradonin kliinisestä käytöstä. Duodecim. 1952;68(4):296–305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SALM H. Beobachtungen bei Polamidonsüchtigen, insbesondere über psychische Veränderungen nach Polamidonmissbrauch. Nervenarzt. 1953 Apr 20;24(4):143–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SATTES H. Cliradon als Suchtmittel. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Nov 16;76(46):1464–1466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHMITH K. Erfaringer ved anvendelse af ketogan pa en medicinsk afdeling. Ugeskr Laeger. 1952 Jul 10;114(28):918–919. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott CC, Robbins EB, Chen KK. Comparison of Some New Analgesic Compounds. Science. 1946 Dec 20;104(2712):587–588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEMPLINGER F. Polamidonismus und Opiumgesetz. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Nov 2;93(44):2206–2209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VARA P, KINNUNEN O. Cliradonista gynekologin näkökannalta katsottuna. Duodecim. 1951;67(4):326–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VILLA L. Ricerche cliniche su un nuovo analgesico di sintesi (Cliradon). Gazz Med Ital. 1951 Jul;110(7):222–231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BAZANOVA SV. Primenenie promedola pri diskineticheskikh zaporakh. Klin Med (Mosk) 1954 Jun;32(6):80–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KLEMENT'EV FV, BAZANOVA SV. Primenenie promedola pri iazvennoi bolezni. Klin Med (Mosk) 1954 Jun;32(6):77–79. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EIDINOVA MB. Primenenie promedola pri zabolevaniakh nervnoi sistemy. Sov Med. 1954 Nov;18(11):12–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOI AM, LEGOSTEV BI. O nekotorykh metodakh povosheniia effektivnosti obezbolivaniia rodov. Sov Med. 1953 Apr;17(4):29–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GEFTER AI, MATUSOVA AP. Primenenie tifen-promedola pri koronarnoi bolezni. Sov Med. 1955 Aug;19(8):22–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NAZAROV IN, MASHKOVSKII MD, RUDENKO VA, PROSTAKOV NS, ISHCHENKO VI. Novoe boleutoliaiushchee sredstvo promedol. Klin Med (Mosk) 1952 Aug;30(8):60–63. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZHEREBTSOV LA. Klinicheskoe issledovanie novogo obezbolivaiushchego preparata izopromedola. Sov Med. 1955 Aug;19(8):29–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CAHEN RL, GROSKINSKY E, PARISEK P. Anticonvulsant effect of morpholinethylmorphine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Jun;92(2):305–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHABRIER P, GIUDICELLI R, THUILLIER J. Etude chimique, pharmacologique et clinique d'un nouveau sédatif de la toux: la morpholyléthylmorphine (M.E.M.). Ann Pharm Fr. 1950 Apr;8(4):261–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MAY AJ, WIDDICOMBE JG. Depression of the cough reflex by pentobarbitone and some opium derivatives. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1954 Sep;9(3):335–340. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolff HG, Hardy JD, Goodell H. STUDIES ON PAIN. MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND OTHER OPIATES ON THE PAIN THRESHOLD AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATION TO THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. J Clin Invest. 1940 Jul;19(4):659–680. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRUBER CM., Jr Codeine phosphate, propoxyphene hydrochloride, and placebo. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Jun 29;164(9):966–969. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHERNISH SM, FINNERAN J, GRUBER CM, Jr, MILLER CL. The effectiveness of D-propoxyphene hydrochloride and codeine phosphate as determined by two methods of clinical testing for relief of chronic pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Nov;118(3):280–285. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROBBINS EB. The pharmacologic effects of a new analgesic alpha-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-propionyloxybutane. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc. 1955 Aug;44(8):497–500. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ADAMSON DW, GREEN AF. A new series of analgesics. Nature. 1950 Jan 21;165(4186):122–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRAENDEN OJ, EDDY NB, HALBACH H. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between chemical structure and analgesic action. Bull World Health Organ. 1955;13(6):937–998. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, LEIMBACH D. Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienylbutenyl- and dithienylbutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Mar;107(3):385–393. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FLINTAN P, KEELE CA. Analgesic and other actions of some dithienylbutenlamine compounds in man. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1954 Mar;9(1):106–117. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H, FRASER HF. Actions and addition liability of the dithienylbutenylamines in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Dec;109(4):417–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BICKERMAN HA, GERMAN E, COHEN BM, ITKIN SE. The cough response of healthy human subjects stimulated by citric acid aerosol. II. Evaluation of antitussive agents. Am J Med Sci. 1957 Aug;234(2):191–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROTMAN M, CULLEN SC, WILKINS DS. Intravenous supplementation during nitrous oxide anesthesia: comparison of demerol, morphine and a new potent analgesic drug (15431). Anesthesiology. 1950 Sep;11(5):527–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWN AK. Intravenous codeine in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1953 Jan;8(1):26–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EDDY NB, HALBACH H, BRAENDEN OJ. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect; relationship between analgesic action and addiction liability, with a discussion of the chemical structure of addiction-producing substances. Bull World Health Organ. 1956;14(3):353–402. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ISBELL H. The newer analgesic drugs; their use and abuse. Ann Intern Med. 1948 Dec;29(6):1003–1013. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEATS AS, TELFORD J. Subjective effects of nalorphine in hospitalized patients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1957 Mar;119(3):370–377. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KONZETT H. Neuere Gesichtspunkte zur Pharmakologie des Narkotins. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1955 May 6;67(18):306–309. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LANCASTER FM, LEVIN J. Continuous nisentil and suxamethonium in anaesthesia. Br Med J. 1956 Feb 18;1(4963):381–383. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEALS WG. A satisfactory anesthesia for the fenestration operation. Anesthesiology. 1948 Nov;9(6):644–651. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUSHIN WW. Analgesics as supplements during anaesthesia. Proc R Soc Med. 1951 Oct;44(10):840–844. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NEFF W, MAYER ED, THOMPSON R. Nitrous oxide anaesthesia without hypoxia. Br Med J. 1950 Jun 17;1(4667):1400–1404. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PAPPER EM. An appraisal of some analgesic agents and methods. Pa Med J. 1950 Aug;53(8):801–806. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PFEIFFER CC. Synthetic drugs as specific analgesics. Mod Hosp. 1951 Apr;76(4):100–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIKER ES. Analgesic supplements to nitrous oxide anaesthesia; a review. Br Med J. 1956 Dec 8;2(5005):1326–1331. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIKER ES, FOLDES FF, PAHK NM, SWERDLOW M. Nisentil (1,3,dimethyl-4-phenyl-4 propionoxy piperidine): a new supplement for nitrous oxide-oxygen, thiopentone (pentothal sodium) anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1954 Nov;26(6):405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAILLE C, STERN G. Le problème des stupéfiants synthétiques. Presse Med. 1951 May 16;59(33):670–672. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WINTER CA, FLATAKER L. Antitussive compounds: testing methods and results. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1954 Sep;112(1):99–108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WOLFERS P. Intravenous pethidine in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1953 Jul;25(3):244–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization