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Population structure in European, African, and Asian individuals. A and B, PCoA results based on average interindividual ASD, with use of 9,100 SNPs. PC1, 2, and 3 explain 11.6%, 3.4%, and 1.4%, respectively, of the variation. C, Bayesian clustering results with use of STRUCTURE14,15 and the same markers and individuals. Each individual is represented as a vertical line divided into, at most, K colored segments, where K is the prespecified number of populations into which the data are to be divided. STRUCTURE runs consisted of 80,000 iterations, with a previous burn-in of 40,000 steps, and were performed under the admixture model, which allows fractional assignment of the genome to different populations. Because of the historical and geographic proximity of European populations, the correlated-allele-frequencies model was also employed. The STRUCTURE plots shown above were generated using the companion program DiStruct.29

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