PMC

Performance of common carp feed four diets with different inclusion levels of wheat grass juice (WGJ): RGR—relative growth rate, SGR—specific growth rate, and FCR—feed conversion ratio. Results are means ± standard error.

Initial body weight and final body weight of common carp feed four diets with different inclusion levels of wheat grass juice (WGJ). Results are means ± standard error, small letters—statistically significant differences, Tukey test (p < 0.05).

(a) Overlaid tracks of all hatchlings in a test of attraction to wheat grass juice odor. Purple/dark blue–early part of the track, light green/yellow–late part of the track. Portions of tracks within region of interest (ROI) marked in black, orange arrow heads indicate hatchlings crossing into the region of interest around grass juice and magenta arrow heads indicate hatchlings crossing into the region of interest around control. (b) Hatchlings stay within the ROI around grass juice (orange) longer than that around control (blue). (c) The number of entries into the odor ROI is also larger than control, indicating that the hatchlings cross into it more often. (d) Kaplan-Meier survival plot, where events are defined as first entries into the region of interest around odor (orange) or control (blue), shows hatchlings quickly head toward the odor port.

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in wheatgrass juice. The values represent the mean ± standard error. The lowercase letters represent statistically significant differences according to the Tukey Test, p < 0.05. ns: not significant.