PMC

Tumor growth-rate curves. Tumor growth-rate curves are similar to tumor-proliferation curves.
Abbreviations: SDT-CAP, standard diet with capecitabine; FAT-SAL, fat food with saline; FAT-CAP, fat food with capecitabine; FAT-SIM, fat food with simvastatin; FAT-SIM+CAP, fat food with simvastatin and capecitabine; FAT-ONION-L, fat diet and low-dose onion flavonoids; FAT-ONION-M, fat diet and middle-dose onion flavonoids; FAT-ONION-H, fat diet and high-dose onion flavonoids; W, week.

(A). Percentage of the type of cell death induced on Caco-2 cells after 48 h incubation in CTRL (untreated cells) and onion extract at IC₅₀ (1000 μg/mL) * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. (B). Analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) after 48 h incubation with onion extract at IC₅₀ ** p < 0.01 vs. CTRL. (C). Percentage of Caco-2 cells with presence of active caspase-3 after 48 h incubation with onion extract at IC₅₀ ** p < 0.01 vs. CTRL.

Effect of onion peel extract on growth of HT-29 cells and HUVECs. The viability of HT-29 cells and HUVECs after treatment with onion peel extract for 24 h at various concentrations. Viability of HT-29 cells treated with onion peel extract at 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL (A) and HUVECs (B). Data show mean±SD. ***P<0.001.

(A). Relative cell cycle phases in Caco-2 cells after 48 h incubation in absence (CTRL) or presence (IC₅₀ = 1000 μg/mL) of onion extracts **** p < 0.0001. (B). Percentage of Caco-2 cells with presence of active p53 after 48 h incubation with onion extract at IC₅₀ (1000 μg/mL). * p < 0.05 vs. CTRL (untreated cells).