PMC

Top panel depicts simple slopes of observing trait mindfulness facet X mindfulness experience on state mindfulness outcomes within the no-mindfulness control condition and averaging across other trait mindfulness facets. Bottom panel (analyses conducted among 93 students reporting prior mindfulness meditation) depicts simple slopes of observing trait mindfulness facet X frequency of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness within the no-mindfulness control condition and averaging across other trait mindfulness facets.

As pain intensity increases, stress increased across the three levels of mindfulness, but stress remained highest across those with lower levels of mindfulness. This finding shows that mindfulness may help buffer from increased perceived stress from chronic pain.

Brain activations and deactivations associated with the main effect of mindfulness meditation and sham mindfulness meditation. Sham mindfulness meditation produced significant activation in the globus pallidus, putamen and right SI of the nose and significant deactivation of the subgenual ACC, PCC, cerebellum and mPFC compared with pre-manipulation. Compared with sham mindfulness meditation, mindfulness meditation produced greater activation in the right putamen/globus pallidus and the PCC. Compared with mindfulness meditation, sham mindfulness meditation was associated with greater activation in the DLPFC, thalamus, PAG, and cerebellum. Conjunction analyses revealed significant overlapping activation in the bilateral putamen and SI corresponding to the nose and deactivation in the mPFC, PCC/precuneous, and cerebellum. Slice locations correspond to standard stereotaxic space.

Depicts simple slopes of the non-judging trait mindfulness facet X frequency of mindfulness meditation X mindfulness condition interaction on state mindfulness outcomes and averaging across other trait mindfulness facets.