PMC

Adherence and primary growth of five types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources (100×): adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), placenta mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs). Morphology of mesenchymal stem cells in primary culture for 48 h (A–E). Status of mesenchymal stem cells in primary culture to obtain full adherent (F–J).

Human derived stem cells. Stem cells which have been reported to treat endometrial injury were labeled with blue color. Neural stem cells (NSCs); Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); skeletal Muscle mesenchymal stem cells (MDSCs); Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs); Tonsil mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs); Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs); human Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB- MSCs); Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnSCs); Menstrual blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs); human Placental mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs); Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs); embryonic stem cells (ESCs); Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs); human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs).

Average and median of the total concentration of soluble proteins, aggrecan, and the ratio of the aggrecan to soluble proteins of the microspheroids from different sources of mesenchymal stem cells. A: Mean concentration (×), median (-), and standard deviation of the concentration of soluble proteins present in microspheroids extracted from samples of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). ¹ outlier; ^aP < 0.05 indicates the statistical difference in relation to BM-MSCs and SF-MSCs; B: Mean concentration (×), median (-), and standard deviation of the concentration of aggrecan from the microspheroids extracted from the samples of SF-MSCs, BM-MSCs, and AT-MSCs. ¹ outlier; ^aP < 0.05 indicates the statistical difference in relation to BM-MSCs and SF-MSCs; C: Mean concentration (×), median (-), and standard deviation of the ratio of the concentration of aggrecan to soluble proteins of the microspheroids extracted from the samples of SF-MSCs, BM-MSCs, and AT-MSCs. ¹ outlier; ^aP < 0.05 indicates the statistical difference in relation to BM-MSCs. SF-MSCs: Synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; AT-MSCs: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Sources of Mesenchymal stem cells undergoing preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19: 1. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3. Olfactory Mucosa derived mesenchymal stem cells 4. Human dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells 5. Umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells 6. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells secreted exosomes 7. Remestemcel-L (Bone Marrow expanded and cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells from an adult) 8. Mesenchymal stem cells culture conditioned media The figure is made via biorender application: https://biorender.com/).