PMC

Adults with asthma in randomized trial of MBSR included in resting state functional connectivity analysis; Of the 73 adults with asthma recruited for the study, 72 were randomized at T1 (38 MBSR, 34 WLC), 67 completed T2 assessments (34 MBSR, 33 WLC), and 48 were included in the T2-T1 analyses (25 MBSR, 23 WLC). Two were excluded for failure to attend more than 1 MBSR class, 3 were excluded for neurological abnormalities (1 MBSR, 2 WLC), 1 did not pass resting state data quality control (1 WLC), and 13 had > 50% of resting state data censored for excessive motion (6 MBSR, 7 WLC). Forty-five participants were included in the T3-T1 analyses (21 MBSR, 24 WLC). Two additional participants dropped out of the study between T2 and T3 (1 MBSR, 1 WLC), 3 did not complete the resting state scan (2 MBSR, 1 WLC), and 13 had > 50% of resting state data censored for excessive motion (8 MBSR, 5 WLC). MBSR = Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, WLC = waitlist control

Acceptance of anxiety increased during MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction), b = 1.16, 95% CI [0.55, 1.77], t = 3.75, p < .001, but not in CBGT (cognitive behavioral group therapy), b = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.69, 0.53], t = −0.25, p = .80, with a significant interaction of group by session indicating greater increases in acceptance during MBSR, b = −1.23, 95% CI[−2.10, −0.37], t = −2.84, p = .006. Perceived acceptance success did not change during CBGT, b = 0.16, 95% CI [−0.45, 0.76], t = 0.51, p = .61, but did increase during MBSR, b = 1.60, 95% CI [0.99, 2.21], t = 5.19, p < .001. The session by group interaction was significant, indicating greater increases during MBSR, b = −1.44, 95% CI [−2.31, −0.58], t = −3.32, p = .001.

Impact of migraine on emotional health across mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and headache (HA) Education intervention arms. (A) Impact of migraine on emotional health showed a potential difference across MBSR (60%, n = 26/43) vs. HA Education (42%, n = 16/38), p = 0.122. (B) Impact of migraine across different subthemes of emotional health showed no group differences across isolation (MBSR 28%, n = 12/43, vs. HA Education 34%, n = 13/38, p = 0.632), a potential difference across frustration/anger (MBSR 30%, n = 13/43 vs. HA Education 11%, n = 4/38, p = 0.054), and without differences across anxiety (MBSR 26%, n = 11/43 vs. HA Education 21%, n = 8/38, p = 0.794). Statistically significant differences existed across mood (MBSR 26%, n = 11/43 vs. HA Education 8%, n = 3/38; p = 0.043). No differences were seen across guilt (MBSR 16%, n = 7/43 vs. HA education 24%, n = 9/38, p = 0.419); potential differences existed across depression (MBSR 14%, n = 6/43 vs. HA Education 3%, n = 1/38, p = 0.114)

Weekly reappraisal increased significantly during CBGT (cognitive behavioral group therapy), b = 1.65, 95% CI [1.13, 2.17], t = 6.27, p < .001, and MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction), b = 1.50, 95% CI [0.98, 2.02], t = 5.69, p < .001. The session by group interaction was not significant, b = 0.15, 95% CI [−0.59, 0.89], t = 0.40, p = .69. Weekly perceived reappraisal success increased significantly during CBGT, b = 2.22, 95% CI [1.78, 2.67], t = 9.98, p < .001, and MBSR, b = 1.31, 95% CI [0.87, 1.75], t = 5.87, p < .001, with a significant session by group interaction indicating greater increases during CBGT (vs. MBSR), b = 0.91, 95% CI [0.29, 1.54], t = 2.89, p = .005.