PMC

Mangiferin and isoflurane reduced HI-induced ROS. (A) Values are mean ±SD, n=6. p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT analysis. * Represents p<0.05 vs. control; ^# represents p<0.05 vs. HI control; ^@ represents HI + Mangiferin (200 mg) + Isoflurane vs. HI + Isoflurane and Mangiferin (200 mg) + HI at p<0.05 vs. isoflurane. Different letters in different experimental groups indicate significant differences at p<0.05. (B) Mangiferin and isoflurane reduced HI-induced MDA levels. Values are mean ±SD, n=6. p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT analysis. * Represents p<0.05 vs. control; ^# represents p<0.05 vs. HI control; ^@ represents HI + Mangiferin (200 mg) + Isoflurane vs. HI + Isoflurane and Mangiferin (200 mg) + HI at p<0.05 vs. isoflurane. Different letters in different experimental groups indicate significant differences at p<0.05. (C) Mangiferin and isoflurane reduced HI-induced ROS, MDA levels and enhances GSH levels. Values are mean ±SD, n=6. p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT analysis. * Represents p<0.05 vs. control; ^# represents p<0.05 vs. HI control; ^@ represents HI + Mangiferin (200 mg) + Isoflurane vs. HI + Isoflurane and Mangiferin (200 mg) + HI at p<0.05 vs. isoflurane. Different letters in different experimental groups indicate significant differences at p<0.05.

Mangiferin (MA) up-regulated NQO1 expression in HL-60 cells. (A) HL-60 cells were incubated with 50 μmol/L mangiferin for 0, 12, or 24 h. Mangiferin significantly enhanced NQO1 transcription in a time-dependent manner. (B) HL-60 cells were incubated with 50 or 100 μmol/L mangiferin for 24 h. Mangiferin significantly enhanced NQO1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner (real-time RT-PCR). (C) HL-60 cells were incubated with 50 μmol/L mangiferin for 0, 1, 4, 12, or 24 h. Mangiferin significantly increased NQO1 expression in a time-dependent manner in HL-60 cells (western blot). (D) HL-60 cells were incubated with mangiferin (0, 50, 100, or 200 μmol/L) for 24 h. Mangiferin increased NQO1 expression in a dose-dependent manner in HL-60 cells (Western blot). Mean±SD. n=3. ^bP<0.05, ^cP<0.01. NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1.

HPLC chromatograms of plasma mangiferin. HPLC separation was performed on plasma samples using the Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution system. A COSMOSIL 5C₁₈—MS—IIanalytical column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used and operated at 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of methanol −2% glacial acetic acid (40:60 v:v). Typical chromatograms of blank plasma, blank plasma spiked with mangiferin and I.S., and rat plasma sample after injection of mangiferin are presented. Mangiferin and the I.S. were eluted at 5.6 and 12.16 min, respectively. The total run time was less than 30 min. A good separation of the I.S. and mangiferin was obtained under the specified chromatographic conditions. There is no disturbance from the background signals in the plasma after the protein precipitation step. A: Typical chromatogram of blank plasma. B. Typical chromatogram of blank plasma spiked with standard mangiferin (5 μg/ml) and I.S. panel. C. Typical chromatogram of blood sample containing mangiferin (24.14 µg/ml) collected at 0.5 h after mangiferin administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.). D: Typical chromatogram of blood sample containing mangiferin (73.88 µg/ml) collected at 0.5 h after mangiferin administration (25 mg/kg, i.v.). E: Typical chromatogram of blood sample containing mangiferin (221.54 µg/ml) collected at 0.5 h after mangiferin administration (50 mg/kg, i.v.).

(A) Mangiferin and isoflurane decreased neuronal apoptosis as determined by TUNEL assay. Values are mean ±SD, n=6. p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT analysis. * Represents p<0.05 vs. control; ^# represents p<0.05 vs. HI control; ^@ represents HI + Mangiferin (200 mg) + Isoflurane vs. HI + Isoflurane and Mangiferin (200 mg) + HI at p<0.05 vs. isoflurane. Different letters in different experimental groups indicate significant differences at p<0.05. (B) Mangiferin and isoflurane decreased neuronal apoptosis expressions of cleaved caspase-3. Values are mean ±SD, n=6. p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT analysis. * Represents p<0.05 vs. control; ^# represents p<0.05 v HI control; ^@ represents HI + Mangiferin (200 mg) + Isoflurane vs. HI + Isoflurane and Mangiferin (200 mg) + HI at p<0.05 vs. isoflurane. Different letters in different experimental groups indicate significant differences at p<0.05.