PMC

Permeation of different hyaluronic acid cream formulations into porcine skin: A) High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid; B) Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid; and C) Micronized hyaluronic acid

SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 use different interfaces to bind and stabilize the hyaluronic acid molecule. (A) Angle between either SAA1.1 or SAA2.2 dimer and hyaluronic acid and the distance between the center of mass (COM) of the SAA C-termini are plotted along with the simulation. Angles were built using COM of SAA monomer I and hyaluronic acid as rays and COM of the monomer II as a vertex. The number of hydrogen bonds between SAA1.1 and hyaluronic acid (B) and between SAA2.2 and hyaluronic acid (C) along with the simulation. The N-terminus movement (arrows) and hydrogen bonds of SAA1.1 (D) and SAA2.2 (E) in the presence of hyaluronic acid during the first 50 ns of simulations.

Before and immediately after volume restoration using high-viscosity, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid, and onabotulinumtoxinA. Before (A) and after (B) volume restoration using 18 mg/mL gel hyaluronic acid filler, as well as onabotulinumtoxinA for glabellar frown lines and lateral brow. Before (C) and after (D) volume restoration using 24 mg/mL smooth gel hyaluronic acid filler and 24 mg/mL gel filler, as well as onabotulinumtoxinA for eyebrows, glabella, and crow’s feet. Before (E) and after (F) volume restoration using 20 mg/mL smooth, high-viscosity, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid for the cheeks, nasolabial folds, and prejowl sulcus. Before (G) and after (H) volume restoration using 24 mg/mL smooth gel hyaluronic acid fillers and 24 mg/mL gel filler.
Photos (A) and (B) courtesy of Dr Nathan Rosen; photos (C) and (D) courtesy of Dr Channy Muhn; photos (E) and (F) courtesy of Dr Fred Weksberg; photos (G) and (H) courtesy of Dr Channy Muhn.

Ciprofloxacin release curves from (a) pHEMA, (b) pHEMA TRIS and (c) DMAA TRIS materials. Values plotted are means ± SD. HA 35 kDa = 35 kDa hyaluronic Acid. HA 132 kDa = hyaluronic Acid 132 kDa. Dexamethasone phosphate release curves from (d) pHEMA, (e) pHEMA TRIS and (f) DMAA TRIS materials. Values plotted are means ± SD. HA 35 kDa = 35 kDa Hyaluronic Acid. HA 132 kDa = hyaluronic Acid 132 kDa. From [].