PMC

Associations between garlic intake and gastrointestinal cancer risk by garlic consumption. The (number/number) after each study in the figure indicates the (Cases/Controls). Vertical solid black line: invalid line; red dashed line: pooled effect size; horizontal black solid line: the width of the line represents the confidence interval (CI) of each study, the black diamond in the middle represents the OR of each study, and the gray square represents the weight of each study. Others: We have included some studies that differed from other classifications of garlic intake into this category. (A) Forest plots for the associations between garlic intake and gastric cancer risk by garlic consumption. The OR obtained by the pooled analysis was 0.65 (95% CI=0.49-0.87). (B) Forest plots for the associations between garlic intake and colorectal cancer risk by garlic consumption. The meta-analysis using the random-effects model showed a combined estimated OR of 0.75 (95% CI=0.65-0.87), suggesting that garlic intake could reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. OR, odds ratio; ES, effect size.

Sensitivity analysis of garlic and gastrointestinal cancer. (A) Sensitivity analysis of garlic and gastric cancer. No significant differences were found among the studies. (B) Sensitivity analysis of garlic intake and colorectal cancer. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that no articles exceeded the limits and there were no significant differences among the studies.

Forest plots for consumption of raw and cooked garlic, garlic supplements or both and risk of colorectal cancer. RR: Relative risk.

Changes in IL-10 in different groups. Cancer Control (CC), Garlic Supplementation (GS), Endurance Training (ET), Endurance Training + Garlic Supplementation (ET + GS)