PMC

The effect of cinnamon on reproduction and locomotion in w¹¹¹⁸ flies. (A) At 25 mg/mL cinnamon had no effect on fecundity, however, a dose of 75 mg/mL did have a negative effect after day 7. P < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA. P > 0.05 for control vs. 25 mg/mL, and P < 0.05 for control vs. 75 mg/mL, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, n= 20 pairs for each group. (B) Cinnamon improved vertical climbing ability in both males and females. P < 0.0001, 2-Way ANOVA for diet, P < 0.01 for each sex, control vs cinnamon, Bonferroni posttest, n = 23 male controls, 26 males fed cinnamon, 39 female controls, 40 females fed cinnamon. (C) Cinnamon had no effect on horizontal locomotion. P = 0.72 for diet, 2-way ANOVA, n = 13 male controls, 19 males fed cinnamon, 13 female controls, 18 females fed cinnamon.

Inhibition zone photographs of cinnamon solvent extracts on the Penicillium brevicompactum strain FI02 growth. a cinnamon water extract; b cinnamon methanol extract; c cinnamon ethanol extract

A) PLP-TCR Tg mice were immunized with 10 μg of PLP139–151, and from 8 days post- immunization (dpi) mice were treated with different doses of ground cinnamon or vehicle (0.1% methylcellulose) via gavage. Mice (n = 6 in each group) were scored daily until 41 dpi. B) PLP-TCR Tg mice were immunized with 25 μg of PLP139–151, and from 8 dpi mice were treated with ground cinnamon (100 mg/kg body wt/d) via gavage. Mice (n = 6 in each group) were scored daily until 32 dpi. C) EAE was induced in female SJL/J recipient mice by adoptive transfer of MBP-primed T cells. From 8 dpt, mice were treated with either cinnamon (100 mg/kg body wt/d) or vehicle via gavage. Mice (n = 6 in each group) were scored daily until 32 dpt. D) In this adoptive transfer model, mice were also treated with either cinnamon or vehicle from 20 dpt. Mice (n = 6 in each group) were scored daily until 40 dpt. E) C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 100 μg of MOG35–55, and from 8 dpi, mice were treated with either cinnamon or vehicle. Mice (n = 6 in each group) were scored daily until 34 dpi.

Ob/ob mice were supplemented with cinnamon extract or vehicle solution for 6 weeks (n = 10/group). A: Body weight development during the supplementation period with cinnamon extract (triangles) or vehicle solution (dots). B: Magnetic resonance images of total (TAT, grey) and visceral fat (VAT, black) deposits in ob/ob mice supplemented with cinnamon extract (Cinn.) or vehicle solution (Veh.) for 6 weeks. Calculated volumes of TAT and VAT integrated over 24 slices are quantified of n = 6 mice per supplemented group. Insert: Bright (hyperintense) areas represent fat tissue. C: Fasted blood glucose concentrations of cinnamon extract- (cross-hatched) or vehicle- (filled) treated ob/ob mice after the 6 week treatment period. D: Calculated HOMA-IR in the feed-deprived state; *P<0.05. E: Blood glucose in i.p. GTT in cinnamon extract-treated (triangles) and vehicle-treated (filled dots) ob/ob mice (*P<0.05). F: Plasma insulin concentration during the GTT after cinnamon extract (triangles) or vehicle (dots) treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.