PMC

(A) HPLC of the chlorogenic acid standard, and (B) HPLC of the chlorogenic acid in dandelion sample.

(A) Immunoblot analysis of insulin signaling with or without 0.1 mM chlorogenic acid in MIN6 cells
(B) Immunoblot analysis of insulin signaling with or without 0.1 mM chlorogenic acid in 2 μg/ml tunicamycin-treated MIN6 cells. CGA, chlorogenic acid; TM, tunicamycin.

¹H-NMR spectra of water extract of healthy C. roseus leaves (A) and phytoplasma (UDINESE)-infected C. roseus leaves (B) in the range of δ 6.0 to δ 8.0, and HMBC spectra of water fraction of phytoplasma (UDINESE)-infected (C) C. roseus leaves. In ¹H-NMR spectra (A and B): 1, H-7′ of chlorogenic acid; 2 and 3, H-3 of secologanin; 4, H-2′ of chlorogenic acid; 5, H-6′ of chlorogenic acid; 6, H-3 of loganic acid; 7, H-5′ of chlorogenic acid and aromatic signals of polyphenols; 8, fumaric acid; 9, H-8′ of chlorogenic acid; ^*, possible signals of chlorogenic acid derivatives. In HMBC spectra (C): 1, correlation of H-3 and C-5 of secologanin; 2, correlation of H-3 and C-1 of secologanin; 3, correlation of H-3 and C-4 of secologanin; 4, correlation of H-3 and carbonyl group of secologanin; 5, correlation of H-7′ and C-2′ of chlorogenic acid; 6, correlation of H-7′ and C-6′ of chlorogenic acid; 7, correlation of H-7′ and carbonyl group of chlorogenic acid; 8, correlation of H-3 and C-5 of loganic acid; 9, correlation of H-3 and C-1 of loganic acid; 10, correlation of H-3 and C-4 of loganic acid; 11, correlation of correlation of H-3 and carbonyl group of loganic acid; 12, correlation of H-2′ and C-1′ of chlorogenic acid; 13, correlation of H-2′ and C-3′; 14, correlation of H-2 and C-1 of gallic acid derivatives; 15, correlation of H-2 and C-3 of gallic acid derivatives; 16, correlation of H-2 and carbonyl group of fumaric acid; 17, correlation of H-8′ and C-1′ of chlorogenic acid; 18, correlation of H-8′ and carbonyl group of chlorogenic acid.

(A) The elastic recovery of alginate impression material changes with the concentration of chlorogenic acid. (B) The strain-in-compression of alginate impression material increases with the increase of chlorogenic acid concentration. (C) The initial setting time of alginate impression material becomes longer with the increase of chlorogenic acid concentration. (D) The mobility of alginate impression material is enhanced with the increase of chlorogenic acid concentration.