PMC

Different mechanisms of B cell tolerance.GC, germinal center. FO, Follicular cell. PC; plasma cell. (From Piper at al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:959-969)

Graphical summary of the 3 major types of cellular innate and adaptive immunity. CILp, common innate lymphoid precursor; Clp common lymphoid precursor; LN lymph node; LTI, lymphoid tissue inducer; PP, Peyer's patch; Tp, T cell progenitor. Reproduced with permission from
USE Fig 1 J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:626-35

Median/mean IL‐6 values in COVID‐19, septic shock, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Black horizontal lines depict medians for each group. CRS refers to cytokine release syndrome after CAR‐T cell infusion (at peaks of cytokine release). Values from recent/illustrative studies. COVID‐19 studies: Chen G et al. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:2620‐2629; Mo P et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 (Online); Zhou F. Lancet. 2020;395:1054‐1062; Zhu. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;95:332‐339; Monneret G et al. Intensive Care Med. 2020 (Online); Cai Q et al. Allergy. 2020; Gao Y et al. J Med Virol. 2020;92:791‐796; Qin C et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 (Online); Wang C et al. Intensive Care Med. 2020 (Online); Chen R et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 (Online). CRS studies: Maude SL et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1507‐1517; Lee DW et al. Blood. 2014;124:188‐195; Xu J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:9543‐9551; Teachey DT et al. Cancer Discov. 2016;6:664‐679; Hay KA et al. Blood. 2017;130:2295‐2306. Septic shock studies: Feng M et al. J Clin Lab Anal. 2016;30:1037‐1043; Song J et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:968; Tsalik EL et al. J Emerg Med. 2012;43:97‐106; Lin WC et al. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0178387; Ríos‐Toro JJ et al PLoS One. 2017;12:e0175254. Differences between groups were as follows: all groups (P < .0002, ANOVA), COVID‐19 vs septic shock (P < .002, Mann‐Whitney), COVID‐19 vs CRS (P < .002, Mann‐Whitney). ANOVA, analysis of variance; COVID, coronavirus disease; IL, interleukin‐6

A) Serum IgG concentrations in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia who received a single infusion of ~400 mg/kg of 5% IVIG. The horizontal line shows the average concentration. Adapted from Berger et al, Clin Immunol (2004) 112(1):1-7.
B) Serum IgG concentration of the same patient in panel A while receiving ~160 mg/kg of 16% IgG subcutaneously every 7 days. Adapted from Berger et al, Clin Immunol (2004) 112(1):1-7.
C) Mean serum IgG levels (+/− the standard deviation of median individual levels) in 18 previously untreated patients with primary immunodeficiencies given 100 mg/kg subcutaneous IgG for 5 days (days 1-5) followed by 100 mg/kg/week. 7 patients had IgG >500 mg/dL by day 7. Adapted from Borte et al, J Clin Immunol (2011) 31:952-961.